Formaldehyde and Glutaraldehyde

No unique patterns of tissue-specific responses have been identified for the induction of liver tumors by specific tumorigenic conazoles (i.e., propiconazoleand tiiadime-fon) compared to a nontumorigenic conazole (i.e., myclobutanil) (Allen et al. 2006 Wolf et al. 2006). However, hepatic gene expression profiles in rats and mice have been identified for potential molecular pathways that may be involved in the induction of liver tumors by these chemicals (Chen et al. 2009 Hester and Nesnow 2008 Hester et al. 2006 Ward et al. 2006). 

Treatment with each of the three conazoles resulted in similar histopathologi-cal and clinical chemistry results. A common nongenotoxic mechanism of rodent hepatocarcinogenesis involves the activation of the constitutive androstane receptor (CAR) (see Chapter 16), hepatocyte hypertrophy, the induction of CYP2B, the induction of cell proliferation, and the inhibition of apoptosis has been proposed for conazoles (Chen et al. 2009 Peffer et al. 2007). These alterations were produced by 

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A number of aldehydes possess antimicrobial properties, including sporicidal activity however, only two, formaldehyde and glutaraldehyde, are used for disinfection. Both these aldehydes are highly effective biocides and their use as chemosterilants reflect this. 

By far, the two most popular fezs-aldehyde reagents are formaldehyde and glutaraldehyde. 

Formaldehyde and glutaraldehyde are used for disinfection or sterilization of instruments such as fiberoptic endoscopes, respiratory therapy equipment, hemodialyzers, and dental handpieces that cannot withstand exposure to the high temperatures of steam sterilization. They are not corrosive for metal, plastic, or rubber. These agents have a broad spectrum of activity against microorganisms and viruses. They act by alkylation of chemical groups in proteins and nucleic acids. Failures of disinfection or steri... 

Formaldehyde and glutaraldehyde have antiviral activity and a direct anhidrotic effect, drying the verruca and surrounding skin. 

Since intracellular antigens are located inside the plasma membrane barrier, some treatment must be used in intact cells to permeabilize cell membranes. Organic solvent fixation produces permeability directly as a consequence of the fixation process. Formaldehyde and glutaraldehyde do not. Extended fixation in either of these aldehydes leads to fixation blister artifacts in the plasma membrane, which, if they pop, lead to artifactual holes in the cell surface and a moth-eaten appearance... 

The most important thing that should be taken into consideration when collagen and gelatin products are applied in medicine is the toxicity of the agent used for crosslinking (75-75). Formaldehyde and glutaraldehyde which have been known to be toxic will be released into the host environment as a result of biodegradation. The... 

Gelatin, resorcinol, formaldehyde and glutaraldehyde Cardial GRF glue 1979 >24 months... 

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