Foldables

The key question we want to answer is what are the intrinsic sequence dependent factors tliat not only detennine tire folding rates but also tire stability of tire native state It turns out tliat many of tire global aspects of tire folding kinetics of proteins can be understood in tenns of tire equilibrium transition temperatures. In particular, we will show tliat tire key factor tliat governs tire foldability of sequences is tire single parameter... 

The various folding mechanisms expected in foldable sequences may be classified in tenns of the (Sj,. We have already shown that sequences that fold extremely rapidly have very small values of Gj,. Based on our study of several model proteins as well as analysis of real proteins we classify the folding kinetics of proteins in the following [7]. 

C2.5.3.6 MINIMUM NUMBER OF RESIDUES FOR OBTAINING FOLDABLE PROTEIN STRUCTURES... 

Figure C2.5.10. The figure gives tire foldability index ct of 27-mer lattice chains witli sets containing different number of amino acids. The sets are generated according to scheme described in [27], The set of 20 amino acids is taken as a standard sample. Each sequence witli 20 amino acids is optimized to fulfil tire stability gap [5]. The residues in tire standard samples are substituted witli four different sets containing a smaller number of amino acids [27]. The foldability of tliese substitutions is indicated by tire full circles. The open diamonds correspond to tire sequences witli same composition. However, tire amino acids are chosen from tire reduced representation and tire resultant sequence is optimized using tire stability gap [5].

Klimov D K and Thirumalai D 1996 Factors governing the foldability of proteins Proteins Struct. Funct. Genet. 26 411-41... 

There are also bellows-style collapsible plastic containers such as blow molded bottles (jars) that are foldable. As shown in Figs. 3-16 and 3-17, the technology of foldable... 

Fig. 12.2 A foldable, bendable battery paper invention which can be inserted under the skin as a pacemaker and powered in part by bodily fluids, (a) A postage-stamp-sized battery as thin as paper, (b) the flexible nanocomposite film battery used to glow a red light-emitting diode (LED)...

Recently, our laboratory produced a foldable, bendable, and cutable postage-stamp-sized battery (Fig. 12.2). The device looks like a simple sheet of black paper, but it could spell a revolution in implantable battery technology (Pushparaj et al., 2007). The paper battery, a one-piece-integrated device is made of cellulose with CNT and lithium electrodes. The device is flexible, rechargeable, and has the ability to function over a wide range of temperatures giving it a wide variety of potential biomedical applications. As a biomaterial, this paper battery may be useful as a pacemaker because it could easily be inserted under a patient s skin. 

Supramolecular Organization of Foldable Phenylene Ethynylene Oligomers... 

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