Fly’s eyes

Fio. 165. The fly s eye method, a. Part of multiple pinhole camera. 6. Arrangement for making repeating patterns by the multiple pinhole camera. Atoms in the unit cell are represented by points of light. 

The sign of each structure amplitude can also be determined by the fly s eye method a second pattern is made with an extra atom5 at the centre of symmetry, which necessarily adds a positive contribution spots that are strengthened must be positive, while "those that are weakened are negative. 

Figure 8. Plot of data on mean depth of maximum vs energy. Filled squares are data from the stereo Fly s Eye (Bird, et al., 1993). Open symbols show the data of HiRes (squares) (Archbold Sokolsky, 2003) and HiRes prototype with MIA (circles) (Abu-Zayyad et al., 2001). This figure also appears in Ref. (Gaisser Stanev, 2005).

The radiation traversing the entire chain of illuminator and projection optics forms an aerial image of the mask that is projected onto the resist-coated wafers. A fast shutter within the illuminator assembly exposes the photoresist to the image for a very short period of time, on the order of a few tenths of a second. The integrated energy of each exposure must he repeatable to within 1%, such that the illumination of the reticle is fairly uniform (<+l%) over a large area, a feat it accomplishes with the aid of a number of methods, including the use the of fly s eyes and rods. " ... 

A fly s eye arrangement, it should be noted, consists of an array of lenslets, each of which images part of the light source over the entire field to be illuminated, which has the effect of averaging the amount of radiation over the field. ... 

This world would be totally uniform, monotonous, and boring. There were not all these many distinct things that actually make our world so diverse and beautiful celestial bodies, rocks, lakes, plants, animals, and aU manmade structures such as buildings, cars, tools, computers, and so on. How do we marvel at the beauty of an ice crystal. How do we admire the diversity of green leaves. How do we dream by looking at a mountain lake and the waves and reflections at its surface. How much care do we give to clean and polish the surface of our cars. And how impressive are the delicate structures of a fly s eye and a modem computer chip (Figure 1.1). 

You follow Sally s eyes that have wandered to the windowsill on which is perched a bronze bust of astronaut Neil Armstrong. On the adjacent wall is a picture of Robert Kennedy, Herbert Hoover, and Nikita Khrushchev boarding a flying saucer. 

In the early 60s, we were Earth-bound, but not Earth-connected. We were shackled to the illusion of the Earth as nothing but a dirtball, and of ourselves as tiny ants crawling on its surface jostling with each other for domination. LSD broke us out of that mode. Acid is a sky-energy psychedelic it rips you from your conceptual moorings and allows you to float or fly and get a bird s-eye view of the things you ve been attached or committed to. 

Trachoma is caused by an organism called Chlamydia trachomatis. Through the discharge from an infected person s eyes, trachoma is passed on by contact with hands or skin, on clothing, or by flies that land on the face. 

Figure 5. Light micrograph of a few facets of a fly s compound eye. Dark spots that represent the rhabdomeres of the photoreceptors have been superimposed onto each corneal lens to demonstrate the principle of neuro-superposition. The central corneal facet has been removed from the photograph to depict the underlying lamina cartridge. Anatomically, six peripheral photoreceptor axon terminals (R1-R6) synapse with two second-order cells (LI and L2) in the underlying neuropil that is called the lamina. Each of these six photoreceptors is illuminated by a different lens, but optically they share the same visual axis that is, they look at the same point in space. This lamina subunit is known as neuroommatidium. Axons of the central receptor cells (R7 and R8) from the overlying ommatidium pass close to this cartridge, but simply bypass the lamina and do not contribute synapses at this neural level.

Safety spectacles are intended to shield the wearer s eyes from impact hazards such as flying fragments, objects, large chips, and particles. Workers are required to use eye safety spectacles with side shields when there is a hazard from fl5dng objects. Non-side shield spectacles are not acceptable eye protection for impact hazards. 

OSHA s eye and face protection standard at 1910.133 requires the use of eye and face protection when workers are exposed to eye or face hazards such as flying objects, molten metal, liquid chemicals, acids or caustic liquids, chemical gases or vapors, or potentially injurious light radiation. It must be provided if work practice or engineering controls do not eliminate the risk of injury from such hazards. 

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