Fluorine, elemental peroxides

Ferrocyanides Fissionable material production Fluorine, elemental Fuel propellants, solid inorganic Hydroflouric acid Hydrogen peroxide Fuels, high energy inorganic Glauber s salt Heavy water... 

Diacyl peroxides (20, R = R = alkyl or aryl) have been obtained from the oxidation of carboxyhc acid potassium salts by Kolbe electrolysis or by elemental fluorine (187). 

Oxidation of Salts from Ferulic and / -Fluoroferulic Acids. When stem sections were incubated with ferulic acid, isopropylamine or sodium salts, the cell walls of the youngest xylem or sclerenchyma elements were stained a light pink color. No reaction was observed in other cell walls (Table I). The same result was obtained with fluorinated analogues. The fact that only peroxidases from lignifying cell walls are able to oxidize ferulic compounds and syringaldazine must be emphasized. Absorption spectra of the pink oxidation products of ferulic acid and / -fluoroferulic acid in the presence of hydrogen peroxide and peroxidases extracted from tobacco cell walls ( covalently bound fraction) showed a peak at 520 nm. 

Potassium monoxide, K20.—The monoxide is formed by incomplete oxidation of potassium by dry oxygen at reduced pressure, and removal of the excess of metal by distillation in vacuum.1 The product forms microscopic octahedra, which become pale-yellow at 200° C., and have a density of 2-32 at 0° C. Above 400° C. in vacuum it is decomposed into the metal and the peroxide. The heat of formation of the monoxide from its elements is 86-80 Cal.2 It is reduced by hydrogen to the hydride and hydroxide. With water it reacts energetically to form the hydroxide, the heat of solution being 75-0 Cal.3 It also combines with fluorine, chlorine, and iodine. The heat of formation from the elements is 86-8 Cal.3... 

The oxidation number of oxygen in compounds is always —2, except in peroxides, such as hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), where it is —1. When it is bonded to fluorine, the only element more electronegative than oxygen, the oxidation number of oxygen is +2. 

Xe NMR spectrum shows the expected nine-line spectrum due to coupling with the eight equivalent equatorial fluorine atoms at -1-3131 ppm (downfield) from elemental xenon.IR spectrum (solid) 787 (m), 725 (vs), 700 (s), 612 (s), 550 (m), 430 (s) cm" . Its molecular structure has been determined by X-ray crystallography. Pyrolysis of the compound yields FjSeOSeFj, whereas photolysis gives the corresponding peroxide FjSeOOSeFs. ... 

Hydrogen peroxide, HjOj Interhalogen compounds such as OF and BrF3 Halogen oxides such as OFj, QjO, and QjO, Elemental fluorine, chlorine, and bromine (F2, CI2, Br2)... 

An example of direct one-step synthesis is the direct fluorination employing elemental fluorine (see above) [42,43]. Another example involves the direct synthesis of hydrogen peroxide starting from H2 and O2 over a palladium catalyst. Although this is an environmentally benign and atom-efficient method, it involves the handling of an explosive gas mixture. Such reaction conditions can be safely performed with microreactor technology [45]. 

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