Fluorine-doped tin dioxide

Fluctuating Gap Model Fowler-Nordheim fluorine-doped tin dioxide full width at half maximum geminate pair... 

One of the most useful materials containing fluorine is fluorine-doped tin dioxide (FTO). This is utilized as transparent conductive films in a variety of optoelectronic devices. Various types of fluorinated tin complexes were developed to fabricate FTO films and nanopowders by the sol-gel method [27-31]. The precursors including Sn-F bonds (for example, see Figure 10.4) are highly useful in obtaining conductive FTO because the amount of fluorine could remain well above the effective doping level. 

CVD, the other major deposition process, is used on a large scale. A typical low-E glass is obtained by depositing a thin film of silicon dioxide followed by another thin film of fluorine-doped tin oxide. The Si02 acts as a diffusion barrier and the Sn02 reduces the emissivity. A typical CVD apparatus is shown in Fig. 

The active layer of the DSSCs consists of a mesoporous nanocrystalline metal oxide (typically titanium dioxide or zinc oxide) deposited on fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO) electrode and covered with some organic or organometaUic dye. The dye molecules (D) absorb light while populating... 

Gamard A., Babot O., Jousseaume B., Rascle M.C., Toupance T., Campet G. Conductive F-doped tin dioxide sol-gel materials from fluorinated beta-diketonate tin(IV) complexes. Characterization and thermolytic behavior. Chem. Mater. 2000 12 3419-3426 Gan F.X. Optical-properties of fluoride glasses—a review. J. Non-Cryst. Solids 1995 184 9-20... 

Additives used in final products Fillers antimony trioxide, aramid, barium sulfate, boron nitride, calcinated kaolin, carbon black, carbon fiber, glass fiber, glass spheres, mica, montmorillonite, talc, titanium dioxide, zinc borate Antistatics antimony-doped tin oxide, carbon nanotubes, polyaniline, polyisonaphthalene Antiblocking calcium carbonate, diatomaceous earth, silicone fluid, spherical silicone resin, synthetic silica Release calcium stearate, fluorine compounds, glycerol bistearate, pentaerythritol ester, silane modified silica, zinc stearate Slip spherical silica, silicone oil ... 

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