Fluorination reactor

Some improvements in the laboratory scale solution fluorination reactors are shown in Figure 7. 

Fig. 3. (a) Diagram of fluorine-handling apparatus. (b) Fluorine reactor systems. 

The major equipment items used in the fluorination-sorption tests included a fluorination reactor, an auxiliary reactor, a MgF sorption reactor and a UF cold trap. The fluorinator and the sorption reactor consisted of a 2.54 cm diameter nickel tube mounted vertically with a sieve plate at the bottom to support the bed. The fluorination, auxiliary and sorption reactors were heated with a tube furnace. 

A total of 13 batch fluorination-sorption runs were made in this study with fluorine concentrations of 33 and 100%. The fluorination reactor bed temperature was maintained at 500°C and the MgF sorption reactor temperature was maintained at 100°C in each run. When the auxiliary reactor was used, fluorine was added between the fluorinator and the auxiliary reactor to provide a minimum of 15% excess fluorine. The auxiliary reactor temperature was controlled at 500°C. Magnesium fluoride which was preconditioned with fluorine at 400-550°C and at 100 to 125°C was tested during these runs. The MgF treated at the lower temperature was more effective for technetium removal. 

A triangular interdigital or a caterpillar micromixer followed by a tube were used (Fig. 6.30) [45]. The micromixer-tube reactor was submersed into a thermostat bath for temperature setting. The temperature was set to -10 °C to room temperature. Piston and HPLC pumps fed the bromine and aromatic flows, respectively. The use of bromine demands special materials that are stable under such harsh conditions. Fluorinated reactor materials like PVDF or glass turned out to be suitable. 

Most of the radioactive contaminants in the yellow cake fed to the plant leave in the readue from the fluorination reactor, where the nonvolatile fluorides of Ra and thorium are concentrated. In addition, Th and Pa, which form in UFj from decay of build up in bottoms of the UFg distillation column (Prob. 5.4). 

Uranium refining hydrofluorinator and fluorinator reactors 600 °C HF, F2-corrosion... 

A pilot fluorination reactor was built for direct fluorination of ethyl acetoacetate and is described in Ref [124] and reported in more detail in Section 6.3.1, page 141. A numbered up reactor with 30 microchannels was used. 

Fluorination could be achieved by fluorine radical generating compounds or fluorine gas the latter was the preferred source. Fluorine was diluted (10-25 mole%) by an inert gas like nitrogen due to the highly exothermic nature of fluorine reactions. It is also more hazardous to work with pure fluorine. Atmospheric pressure has been recommended, although pressure could be as high as ten atmospheres. The fluorination reactor was evacuated to about 0.1 atmospheres prior to starting the flow of fluorine gas. 

Before reaction 9b was carried out, the reactor was thoroughly preconditioned with CIF3. When SiH4 was added, a reaction took place between it and the fluorinated reactor walls, as indicated by the appearance of a weak band due to SiF4 at... 

Perfluoro crown ethers have been synthetically inaccessible by conventional reactions of fluorocarbons and outside the capability of synthesis by fluorination using selective fluorination reagents. Examples of this potentially useful class of macrocycles have been prepared recently in our laboratory. These syntheses have been initially accomplished using the broadly applicable technique for controlling reactions of elemental fluorine (the La Mar process) developed in our laboratory. The reactions were conducted in the previously described cryogenic fluorination reactor (2),... 

Particularly small items, some of which can be flamed only with difficulties, can be easily treated in the fluorine reactor by using a cylinder filled with the parts that is rotating during the fluorine exposure. 

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