Fluorescence recovery after photobleaching information

The direct measurement of the various important parameters of foam films (thickness, capillary pressure, contact angles, etc.) makes it possible to derive information about the thermodynamic and kinetic properties of films (disjoining pressure isotherms, potential of the diffuse electric layer, molecular characteristics of foam bilayer, such as binding energy of molecules, linear tension, etc.). Along with it certain techniques employed to reveal foam film structure, being of particular importance for black foam films, are also considered here. These are FT-IR Spectroscopy, Fluorescence Recovery after Photobleaching (FRAP), X-ray reflectivity, measurement of the lateral electrical conductivity, measurement of foam film permeability, etc. 

Techniques such as forced Rayleigh scattering, pulsed gradient NMR, and fluorescence recovery after photobleaching have recently made information concerning self-diffusion available for polyelectrolyte across the range of solution concentrations. The complex diffusion dynamics imcovered for by dynamic... 

The specimen often photobleaches (fades) under irradiation. Photobleaching is put to good use in modern studies of molecular kinetics using video recording and subsequent measurements of fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP), which gives information about rates of diffusion of fluorescent species back into a bleached area. 

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