Fluorescence loss in photobleaching FLIP

Fig. 7. GFP-GR bound to the MMTV array was analyzed by fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP). The bleached region is indicated in the image of the pre-bleached nucleus (A). The pre-bleach array is shown in (B), the post-bleach image (C), and at 4.1 s (D) and 11.6 s (E) post-bleach. This analysis, along with Fluorescence Loss in Photobleaching (FLIP) experiments, show that GFP-GR undergoes rapid exchange with the array (from Ref. [58]). Scale bar 5 pm.

Examples of useful applications of confocal FRAP include selective photobleaching and fluorescence loss in photobleaching (FLIP) (18, 55). In contrast with conventional spot photobleaching FRAP, in confocal FRAP it possible to visualize both the bleach region and the surrounding area of the cell. In addition, confocal FRAP techniques typically use... 

Ras trafficking to cellular membranes can be measured by fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP) and fluorescence loss in photobleaching (FLIP) (54). Both techniques rely on the expression of fluorescent-labeled Ras proteins to monitor different parameters of Ras movement across and between cellular membranes. FRAP involves photobleaching a membrane subdomain and measuring the kinetics of fluorescence recovery—and hence Ras trafflcking—into the bleached area. With FLIP, a cellular membrane is photobleached repeatedly and the subsequent intercellular movement of the photobleached area is monitored. 

AR Androgen receptor ER Estrogen receptor FLIP Fluorescence loss in photobleaching FRAP Fluorescence recovery after photobleaching FRET Fluorescence resonance energy transfer GR Glucocorticoid receptor NER Nucleotide excision repair UV Ultra-violet... 

In another approach, the interfacial diffusion of the nanoparticles was determined using two photobleaching methods fluorescence loss induced by photobleaching (FLIP) and fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP). It was found that the lateral diffusion of the nanoparticles at the interface as well as the diffusion normal to and from the interface deviated by about four orders of magnitude from the values obtained in free solution [46],... 

---