Fluorescence confocal system

Fig. 3. Comparisons of wide-field (A) and confocal fluorescence images (B, mesoglea level C, apical) of rhodamine phalloidin-stained F-actin in a whole-mount hydra tentacle. The hydra was fixed and stained as described in Chapter 18. The bar represents 25 pm. All images were collected with a Nikon (New York) Microphot FX microscope (x40 objective lens). Confocal images were collected with the microscope connected to a Bio-Rad (Hercules, CA) MRC600 laser-scanning confocal system.

Fig. 3 Schematic representation of a 1000-capillary rotary scanner and a four-color confocal fluorescence detection system. (From Ref. [10].)...

Fig. 4.7 Fluorescence confocal microscopy images of the systems TM1 in contact with acetonitrile and in contact with Ca2+ (10 4 M, acetonitrile) (left). Profiles of cross sections of the images of TM1 before (a) and after (b) addition of Ca2+ (right).33 Reprinted with permission from35. Copyright 2004 American Chemical Society...

The PSF in single-photon confocal and two-photon epi-fluorescence illumination systems... 

The q(T) can be independently measured by a viscometer and the value of y is determined by the PCS measurement at a certain temperature (typically 21 22 °C). Under the condition that the hydrodynamic diameter of the probe molecule is constant in the temperature range examined, we can obtain the temperature of the confocal area. It is worth noting that the present method estimates average temperature inside the confocal volume of the microscopic system because ECS provides the average value of the translational diffusion velocity over multiple fluorescent molecules passing through the sampling area. 

With the aim of elucidating molecular dynamics in a small domain, we have constmcted several microspectroscopic systems, that is, (i) the confocal microscope with the excitation light source being a femtosecond NIR laser emitting a 35 fs pulse, and (ii) the fluorescence correlation spectroscopic system with optical tweezers. 

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