Flowers of sulfur

Eleven isotopes of sulfur exist. None of the four isotopes that in nature are radioactive. A finely divided form of sulfur, known as flowers of sulfur, is obtained by sublimation. 

The mass spectrum of polymeric sulfur S, prepared from either liquid sulfur or by extraction of commercial flowers of sulfur , has been measured and interpreted in terms of Ss, Sy, and Ss molecules leaving the polymer on heating and depolymerization [203]. This result is in agreement with depolymerization studies in solution which also show Ss and Sy as the major thermal degradation products [174]. 

Moist phosphorus explodes in contact with chromyl chloride, while flowers of sulfur ignites. 

Interestingly, the same authors [13b] have isolated the l,2-dihydro-l,2,4,5-tetra-zine intermediate 21 by condensation of 2-cyanopyridine 20 with hydrazine hydrate in presence of flower of sulfur (Scheme 8.9 b). The reaction time is reduced under the action of microwave irradiation (125 W) protic solvents also promote the transformation. 

Thermodynamically stable sulfur forms deep yellow, nonodorous orthorhombic crystals with a space group Fddd-D, containing 16 molecules, i.e., 128 atoms in the unit cell. It has a density of 2.069 gm/cm and is well soluble in CS2. Its molecular unit is Sg, cyclooctasulfur, a crown-shaped molecule with a symmetry of i>4d. The pale flowers of sulfur, prepared by alchemist by distillation, are insoluble in CS2, and the structure is not yet fully understood. Another form, plastic sulfur, is obtained by melting sulfur to about 180°C, where it forms as highly... 

Quenched sulfur vapor has been studied for a long time. Slowly quenched to room temperature it yields flowers of sulfur, which were prepared by alchemists. The flowers can be separated into several phases by elution with CSg. Thermal alnalysis 19) shows that a-sulfur, j3-sulfur, and oD-sulfur are present. The latter melts at 104°C. The X-ray structure of a -sulfur, prepared in this way, and that of Crystex 104), a widely used insoluble form of sulfur, ateo called supersublimation sulfur, are not... 

The use of sulfur as a fuel in pyrotechnic compositions dates back over one thousand years, and the material remains a widely-used component in black powder, colored smoke mixtures, and fireworks compositions. For pyrotechnic purposes, the material termed "flour of sulfur" that has been crystallized from molten sulfur is preferred. Sulfur purified by sublimation - termed "flowers of sulfur" - often contains significant amounts of oxidized, acidic impurities and can be quite hazardous in high-energy mixtures, especially those containing a chlorate oxidizer [11]. 

Justus Christian Heinrich Heyer, in the account of his own researches on molybdenite, stated in 1787 that he had been unable to find from the literature how Hjelm had prepared the metal (75). Heyer repeated Scheele s synthesis of molybdenite by heating a mixture of molybdic acid and flowers of sulfur in a glass retort (75). In 1790, after both Scheele and Bergman had died, Hjelm wrote ... 

Philadelphia, Pa, 1821, by triturating in a warm mortac 3 parts by wt of nitre, two of carbonate of potash and one of flower of sulfur. Its effects, when fused in a ladle and then set on fire, were very great. The whole of the melted material exploded with an intolerable noise, and the ladle disfigured, as if. it had received a strong blow downwards. 

Fulmipoille or Paldine, Dynamite invented by Langfrey in 1878, which contained Fulmi-paille (Nitrostraw) 18.6, NG 35.0, saltpeter 32 5, flowers of sulfur 4,6 starch 9 3%. The last two ingredients can be replaced by charcoal and by dextrine Ref Daniel, Diet(1902), 319 596... 

Adams (Explbsif). An expl, patented in 1893 in France, contained K nitrate 54, sulfur 20, flowers of sulfur 13, PA 1, tungstic acid 0.5) HgO 0.5i Sb trisulfide I water 10% Ref Daniel (1902), 5... 

Mix intimately 30 g. of iron powder, 180 g. of flowers of sulfur, 150 g. of potassium carbonate, and 30 g. of anhydrous sodium carbonate and melt the mixture in a clay crucible in the furnace, which will require about... 

MIX TOGETHER 2 g OF FLOWERS OF SULFUR AND 3.5 g OF IRON FILINGS. PLACE MIXTURE IN A DAMAGED TEST TUBE. HEAT. SHORTLY A CHEMICAL REACTION TAKES PLACE. 

IGNITE A SULFUR CANDLE [OR A TINY HEAP OF FLOWERS OF SULFUR) ON A PIECE OF TIN. HOLD MOISTENED BLUE LITMUS PAPER OVER FLAME. SULFUROUS ACID FORMED TURNS IT RED. 

SULFUR CAN USUALLY BE BOUGHT IN THREE DIFFERENT FORMS AS STICK SULFUR. SULFUR CANDLES, AND AS A POWDER (FLOWERS OF SULFUR). UNDER MICROSCOPE, SULFUR POWDER PROVES TO BE RHOMBIC CRYSTALS. 

HEAT % TEST TUBE FULL OF FLOWERS OF SULFUR TILL IT IS MELTED WITH LIGHT COLOR. POUR MELTED SULFUR INTO A DRY FILTER. AS SOON AS CRUST FORMS ON TOP, OPEN UP FILTER PAPER. YOU WILL SEE THAT SULFUR HAS FORMED TINY NEEDLE-LIKE CRYSTALS. 

FILL TEST TUBE Vi FULL OF FLOWERS OF SULFUR. MELT GENTLY HIGH ABOVE FLAME. POUR INTO MOLD. WHEN COOLED YOU HAVE A PERFECT CAST. 

SHAKE 1 g FLOWERS OF SULFUR WITH 10 ml DENATURED ALCOHOL. A SMALL AMOUNT OF SULFUR GOES IN SOLUTION. FILTER OUT THE UNDISSOLVED SULFUR. 

SULFUR S ipowder flowers of sulfur block sulfur candle Drug store Hardware store... 

The purified phosphorus is intimately mixed with S2g of pure flowers of sulfur and transferred to a Pyrex retort, or a distilling flask with a short wide side-arm. A 260ml Erlenmeyer flask is used as a receiver and fitted to the arm of the reaction vessel with a loose stopper of glass wool (see... 

Fourteen grams of finely granulated tin (20-30 mesh) are warmed gently with 6.5g of mercury in a porcelain basin under the hood. The mass is stirred with a glass rod until it is homogeneous and quickly poured into a mortar where it is ground to a fine powder as it cools. The cold pulverized amalgam is then intimately mixed with 8g of flowers of sulfur and 6.8g of ammonium chloride. The entire mixture is transferred to a loosely covered crucible which is embedded in a sand bath up to the level of the reaction mixture. The crucible is heated at 400°C in the... 

Eight grams of iron powder, 45 g. of flowers of sulfur, 40 g. of potassium carbonate, and 8 g. of anhydrous sodium carbonate are very thoroughly mixed and put into a covered clay crucible. This mixture is then heated for a period of 1 to 1-J hours at 900°, at which temperature the reaction mixture is molten. On the completion of the reaction the crucible is allowed to come to room temperature and is then submerged in a beaker of water and the reacted mixture digested on a water bath. The supernatant liquid becomes dark green [the iron complex NasFeS(OH)3]3 it is then... 

Chemicals. Sulfur. For viscosity and surface tension experiments, laboratory-grade sublimed powdered flowers of sulfur from Fisher Scientific Co. are used without further purification. For synthetic and characterization purposes, 99.9995% sulfur from PCR Inc. is used. 

The product from (b) is dissolved in 1 liter water and treated with 50 grams of concentrated sulfuric acid, previously somewhat diluted. 40 grams of flowers of sulfur is added and the mixture is stirred for 3 hours at 95°C., adding water from time to time. The resulting dye is allowed to settle, and is then filtered off, washed with water, and iried at about 80°. The yield of thioindigo is about 25 grams, or 70 per cent of the theoretical amount based on the O acid. The product contains some sulfur and can be purified by alkaline reduction and reoxidation. 

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