Flow sheets piping instrument diagram

Drawings should conform to accepted drawing conventions, preferably those laid down by the national standards. The symbols used for flow-sheets and piping and instrument diagrams are discussed in Chapter 4. Drawings and sketches are normally made on detail paper (semi-transparent) in pencil, so modifications can be easily made, and prints taken. 

In the detailed design stage, everything must be specified. Each phase of the preliminary design must now be done in much more detail. The flow sheets develop into piping and instrument diagrams. The duty requirements for a piece of equipment become a specification sheet. The layout drawings may be replaced by a scale model, and a construction bid or detailed cost estimate is obtained to verify the previous cost estimate. 

HAZOP studies may be made on batch as well as continuous processes. For a continuous process, the working document is usually a set of flow sheets or piping and instrument diagrams (P IDs). Batch processes have another dimension time. Time is usually not significant with a continuous process that is operating smoothly, although start-up and shutdown must also be considered, when the continuous process will resemble a batch process. For batch processes, the working documents consist not only of the flow sheets or P IDs but also... 

Selecting the correct pump requires a knowledge of the system in which the pump must operate. In the chemical process industries (CPI), the engineer should start from the process flow sheets and schematics such as piping and instrument diagrams. The engineer must determine... 

Figure 1.7 Piping and Instrumentation Diagram for Benzene Distillation (adapted from Kauffman, D, Flow Sheets and Diagrams, AIChE Modular Instruction, Series G Design of Equipment, series editor J. Beckman, AIChE, New York, 1986, vol 1, Chapter G.1.5, AIChE copyright 1986 AIChE, all rights reserved)...

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