Floors in brick and cement

The structural strengthening of floors in brick and cement is one of the most fieqnent interventions with the nse of pultruded sheets and lanunates in CFRP, because of the quick installation and several advantages to which they are associated. Strengthening can be necessary in several situations, such as oxidation, with consequent rednction of the effective section of reinforcement or, for instance, in case of a modification of... 

The structural reinforcement of floors in brick and cement is one of the most common applications of using pulbuded sheets or carbon fiber-reinforced polymer (CFRP) fabrics, thanks to the rapidity of application and the many advantages they offer. The reinforcement may be deemed necessary on several different occasions. 

The reinforcement of the lower surface of joists of floors in brick and cement is usually realized by the use of pultruded sheets because of their easy lay-up nevertheless, the use of fabrics is also possible. The width of the sheets depends on the joist geometry and especially on the base of the latter the height may, on the contrary, vary according to the reinforcement area required. Several overlapping sheets may be used, but the choice of an excessive number of sheets should be avoided, in order... 

Fig. 9.1 Reinforcement of floors in brick and cement with CFRP sheets...

High-quality bricks and tiles are used for lining vessels, ditches and to cover floors. The linings are usually backed with a corrosion-resistant membrane of rubber or plastic, placed behind the titles, and special acid-resistant cements are used for the joints. Brick and tile linings are covered in a book by Falcke and Lorentz (1985). 

In chemical plants where corrosive, wet conditions are anticipated, walls are protected with membranes and brick veneers in the same manner as floors. Alternatively, a divider wall between two rooms, or one that is to support a roof or other load, may be built entirely of "acid brick" and mortar. A different, more attractive system, is usually followed in food plants such as dairies, often employing glazed tile or block. The latter are laid just as are regular cement block, except that the face joints are left void to a depth of % in. or more, or raked back to that depth before the joints set up. After cure, the surfaces of the joint are cleaned usually with dilute hydrochloric acid, and the joints pointed full with a furan mortar. See Drawing 14 to see how this kind of a wall is mated to an "acid brick" floor and membrane. 

The major use (60%) for coloured inorganic pigments, such as iron oxides, is in the construction materials industry. Here they are used to colour roof and flooring tiles, fibrous cement and mortar. Many inorganic pigments are used in coloured baking enamels for metal appliances. Chromium oxide is used in the refractory industry, not for its colour but because of its ability to improve the properties of bricks used in furnace linings. 

A red shale brick or quarry tile floor is usually installed over a hot or cold applied mastic membrane. The mastic is applied to the concrete floor then the brick or tile are set with a resin cement. The resin cement can be a furan, a polyester or an epoxy depending on the anticipated exposure conditions. If high temperatures and constant exposure to aggressive chemicals are anticipated, the brick or tile will be bedded in the mortar as well as having mortar joints. 

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