Flocculation pigment dispersion

Poly(acrylic acid) is water soluble. Because of its water solubility and its ability to increase the viscosity of water, it is used as a thickener. It is also a good flocculent for sewage treatment and is added as a pigment dispersant in latex paints, and is used in binders and adhesives. Polymers and copolymers containing acrylic or/and methacrylic acid are manufactured at a rate of about 2,000,000 metric tons yearly. 

The yellow dye 50 can be used in ink-jet systems to flocculate anionic pigment dispersions, thus improving the bleedfastness [139,140],... 

Alkyd paints are the most foolproof t5rpe of coatings and are often preferred for use because of their lower cost and relatively easy-to-make pigment dispersions that do not flocculate. The major limitation of alkyds is their hmited exterior durability as compared to latex coatings. 

Vinyl copolymers substituted with -OH, -0-R, -0C(0)-R, -C(0)-R, or -C5H4N groups have various practical applications, depending on their composition. These applications include uses in glues, lacquers, protective films, flocculent agents, various formulations in cosmetics (e.g. poly(1-vinyl-2-pyrrolidinone-co-ethyl methacrylate-co-methacrylic acid) is used in hair spray formulations, poly(1-ethenyl-2-pyrrolidinone-co-1-eicosene) is used as a pigment dispersant in cosmetics), etc. A number of pyrolysis studies were done on these materials [43], etc. Some thermal properties of a few common vinyl copolymers are summarized in Table 6.5.14. 

Alkazine . [Rhone-Poulenc Surf.] Imidazolines emulsifier, antistat, corrosion inhibitor, strftener fin textiles, plastics, asphalt, water repdUent treatment, cutting oils, slime control additive in paper processing, wetting and flocculating agent, lubricant pigment dispersant... 

Figure 6.12. Schematic representations of (a) agglomerated, (b) dispersed, and (c) flocculated pigments...

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