Flexural strength increase

Steel fiber has been used to reinforce concrete. When 10-mil square bar 2 inches long is incorporated into concrete to the extent of 2% by volume, the modulus of rupture (flexural strength) increases by a factor of 2. When impregnated with polymer the fiber reinforced concrete-polymer increases the modulus of rupture by another factor of 2.5. Thus, an over-all increase by a factor of 5 in the flexural strength is achieved... 

Morimoto and Suzuki (12) studied the flexural properties of continuous-glass-fiber-strand mat-reinforced rigid polyurethane foam, and found that both the flexural modulus and the flexural strength increased and the temperature dependence decreased when longer fibers were used as reinforcement. The density of the matrix foam also enhanced these tendencies. 

Comparison of Tables 3.4 and 3.5 shows that hemp as a filler results in a much higher flexural strength increase compared to wood flour (57% compared to 12-15%) however, increase of flexural modulus is about the same with the two Filers (2.2 times with 33% of hemp, compared to 1.6 and 2.5 times with 20 and 40% of wood flour, respectively). 

Coupling agent Increase of flexural strength (%) Increase of tensile strength (%)... 

Other effects of adding wood to plastics can be stated as follows. With increasing content of wood in WPG product, the tensile strength decreases [Figure 5.97(d)], flexural strength increases (up to a maximum), melt index decreases, and notched impact energy increases (while unnotched decreases). 

Taking into account the properties of fly ash cements, as well as the acceleration of pozzolanic reaction at higher temperature, maity authors recommend to apply this cement in the production heat treated precast elements,. For example Dalziel [138] found that the thermal treatment of cement with 20 % of fly ash at temperatme of 65 and 85 °C result in higher strength of mortar already after three days and this trend is continued during all smdied period. The flexural strength increase was particularly evident (Fig. 7.22). This behaviour was proved by the other authors [113]. 

Source Fiber type Fiber %vol Fiber length mm W/C ratio SF/C ratio Tensile strength % increase Flexural strength % increase... 

Mohanty et al. [105] reported gradual increases in the tensile, flexural, and impact strength of composites. When fiber loading was varied from 10 to 30%, the composites showed increased tensile strength. Tensile strength and flexural strength increased to about 60-70% and 140-150%, respectively. Moreover, impact... 

Figure 5.28 shows the better Izod impact strength and flexural strength increase with NIC over a standard cylinder for bumper grade blend, and Figure 5.29 illustrates the better dispersion shown for NIC over the standard cylinder for a PE/CB blend. 

Thermal A nanoday - nylon 6 has been commercialized by Unitika for an engine cover that required substantially higher heat distortion temperatures than achieved with nylon 6. At a 4 wt% loading of synthetic mica, the DTUL (at 1.8 MPa) increased from 70 °C for neat nylon 6 to 152 °C. Also, flexural strength increased from 108 to 158 MPa and flexural modulus from 3.0 to 4.5 GPa [11]. 

Raw density that is, the packing density as a function of the forming process. The flexural strength increases from slip[Pg.49]

Charge of cations the flexural strength increases from La to Ca to Na. ... 

Filament diameter is a significant variable affecting the flexural strength of polypropylene. The glass content effect is significant but reaches an optimum level at 23% loading. In Fig. 2-27, the flexural strength increases with a decrease in filament diameter. 

The flexural strength increases with Al additions to the base where Ti additions have little to no effect. A similar result is presented for the fracture toughness where the Al additions yield higher results (including the Si-37AI-14Ti, 2% sample). 

The strain rate, which depends upon testing speed, specimen thickness, and the distance between supports (span), can affect the results. At a given span, the flexural strength increases as the specimen thickness is increased. The modulus of a material generally increases with the increasing strain rate (15). 

As M becomes higher, the flexural strength increases for all mold temperatures (Fig. 13.8). Furthermore, the flexural strength gradually decreases with an increase of the mold temperature, which suggests that an increase of the crystallinity makes SPS more brittle. 

In unplasticized compounds, stmctural rigidity (flexural strength) increases with increasing molecular weight (MW). Up to a point filler addition increases flexural strength, while impact modifiers and processing aids tend to cause a decrease unless they also function as heat distortion improvers. 

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