Flexibility Through Layout

Flexibility Through Layout Piping is rarely run in a straight line from one fixed connection point to another. Each time piping changes direction and is left free to move at the point of change, the system becomes more flexible. By making bends in more than one plane the flexibility is further enhanced. 

The layout of piping often provides inherent flexibility through changes in direction, so that displacements produce chiefly bending and torsional strains within prescribed limits. The amount of axial tension or compression strain (which produces large reactions) usually is small. 

The selection of the production process and its layout is dictated in part by the volume of product needed and the flexibility needed in the production design. The level of capacity is another basic decision. This will dictate response times to customers and it will determine the volume of product the plant needs to be profitable. A final operating characteristic discussed is the presence of a physical bottleneck in the plant. This bottleneck controls the flow of work through the plant. The relevant issues about bottleneck and constraint management are discussed in greater detail in the next chapter, specifically relating to strategic selection of constraint locations. 

Toyota has expanded cautiously in Europe. Its investment policy has been step by step, and it has sought to make early returns. Key to Toyota Production System (TPS) are process and quality disciplines through jIT and jidoka. Toyota s philosophy is more people-oriented shop floor people are heavily involved in improvement activities as well as in production work. Toyota s body shop has maybe one-third the number of press shop robots as Ford, and tends to use simple multi-welders at low initial cost. It is relatively easy to swap suppliers. Tooling must be changed when production is changed between one batch and another, but people are trained to go for fast setups and to improve the process. The layout is designed around people and volume flexibility. 

To avoid this problem, here we proposed a new methodology to handle this pre-processing issue. In this way, users only need to (fraw lines to represent the runner layout, and set the parameters of the runner geometry. Then, the runner solid mesh can be generated automatically. Indeed, the hybrid mesh is feature of this method shown in Fig.l and Fig.2. Through this way, people can flexibly tune up the resolution of element layer and also retain the quality and quantity of elements. It can further enhance the efficiency of the eomputation and provide more reasonable results. 

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