Flavones vitexin

There are three categories of constituents in passionflower flavonoids, maltol, and indole alkaloids. Among flavonoids are chrysin (5,7-dihydro flavone), vitexin, coumerin, and umbelliferone (figure 6.6). The greatest accumulation of flavonoids occurs in the leaves (Menghini and... 

Other flavones in passionflower (vitexin, coumerin, umbelliferone) have not been well characterized for their neuropharmacological action. Vitexin (derived from millet in one study) was found to have antithyroid properties. The remaining constituents, maltol and harman alkaloids, are present in small quantities and not presumed to contribute to the psychotropic effects (Meier 1995). Harman alkaloids in greater quantities are hallucinogenic and presumed to work through 5-HT receptors (Grella et al. 1998). 

Diets rich in millet have been associated with endemic goiter in parts of West Africa where millet is a staple. The damage has been attributed to vitexin, a C-glycosyl flavone, that in rats has antithyroid activity and that in vitro inhibits thyroid peroxidase and the free radical iodination step in thyroid hormone biosynthesis. Isoflavones have produced similar antithyroid effects in rats, but clinical studies in adults have not. " However, this remains a possible concern in infants fed soya-based milk-replacers, especially if iodine supply is compromised. 

Mahlin, J.A., Jung, K.H., and Schmidt, R.R., Glycosyl imidates, synthesis of flavone C-glycosides vitexin, isovitexin and isoembigenin, Liebigs Ann. Chem., 3, 461, 1995. 

Trigonella foenum-graecum L. Wu Ru Ba (Fenugreek) (seed) Trigonelline, saponins, flavone derivatives including vitex, saponaretin, isoorientin, vitexin-7-glucoside.33 Reduce plasma cholesterol levels, support hepatic and renal functions. 

Some bioactive flavones include aldose reductase inhibitors (apigenin 4 -methyl ether (acacetin), apigenin 7-0-apioside (apiin), 5,7-dihydroxyflavone (chrysin) and luteolin) antiinflammatory 5-LOX inhibitors (5,6,7-trihydroxyflavone (baicalein), 5,6,3, 4 -tetrahydroxy 7-methoxyflavone (pedalitin), 5,3, 4 -trihydroxy 6,7-dimethoxyflavone (cirsiliol, 6-0-methylpedalitin) and flavone) a COX inhibitor (flavone) iodothyronine deiodinase inhibitors (acacetin, chrysin and luteolin) a NADH and succinate dehydrogenase inhibitor (luteolin) millet-derived, goitrogenic inhibitors of thyroid peroxidase (flavone C-glycosides orientin and vitexin) and protein kinase inhibitors (acacetin, apigenin, baicalein, flavone, luteolin, 5,7,3, 4, 5 -pentahydroxyflavone (tricetin) and tricetin 3, 4, 5 -trimethyl ether). 

S. blepharophylla Brandegee ex. Epling [18] has yielded eight flavone and flavone glycosides such as pedalitin (34), diosmetin (10), quercetin 3-0-glucoside (24), vitexin (35), schaftosid (36), and miquelianin (37) (quercetin 3-0-/ -D-glucuronopyranoside). 

Adonitoxigeiiin glycosides adonitoxin (0,07%) A-acetyl rhamnoside, A-gliicoside, A-xyloside Flavone-C-glycosides adonivernith, vitexin... 

Pereira, C.A.M., Yariwake, J.H., and McCuUagh, M. 2005. Distinction of the glycosyl-flavone isomer pairs orientin/isoorientin and vitexin/isovitexin using HPLC-MS exact mass measurement and in-source CID. Phytochem. Anal. 16 295-301. 

The mechanism of biosynthesis of flavone C-glycosidcs still remains obscure, but an isomerase which will convert isovitexin (39) into vitexin (40) has recently been detected in the Reporter s laboratory. It occurs in the grass Briza media, which contains glycoflavones, and it operates in only the one direction, the pH optimum being about 6.8. 

Vitexin is a flavone glucoside with anti-nociceptives properties [69] and can be extracted by SFE from grossedentata A. stems [70]. 

Flavone C-Glycosides (304) Vitexin (8-C-P-D-Glucosylapigenin) Adiantum malesianum Gatak 163 ... 

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