Flame dimensions

Density of argon gas (300 K) Specific heat of argon gas Flame temperature Flame dimensions (approx) Volume of 1.6 ml argon at 300K... 

In addition to flame height, other flame dimensions must also be known. In general, flame shape must be assumed. A flame s surface area and position both vary during the course of the flash fire, so, if based on manual calculations, flame shape... 

The ratios have small variation only at distances larger than xi but smaller than the dimensions of the flame. At distances comparable to the flame dimensions, we may not disregard the convective terms in the diffusion equation. 

The 24-h burning test (ASTM D-187) involves noting the average oil consumption, change in flame dimensions, and final appearance of wick and chimney. No quantitative determination of char value is made (IP-10). In this method the oil is burned for 24 h in the standard lamp with a flame initially adjusted to specified dimensions. The details of operation are carefully spec-... 

Universal burner performance criteria include the ability of the burner to achieve the specified maximum and minimum firing rate at the required conditions, flame dimensions, and emissions compliance (NO, CO, particulate matter, volatile organic compounds (VOC), and noise). Each industry has its own unique design... 

Design heat release or maximum capacity is demonstrated to confirm that the process burner will provide the heat release required. This test point is often the condition at which the process burner will operate for most of its lifetime. Therefore, documentation of flame dimensions and pollutant emissions at these conditions is important. Carbon monoxide (CO) break is a condition that is achieved by increasing the fuel flow rate until the furnace is almost depleted of excess air. This is conducted to simulate how a burner will respond in a situation where excess air suddenly decreases. Turndown ratio or minimum heat release is demonstrated by reducing the heat release of the burner. These points are repeated if more than one fuel composition is to be tested. Certain fuels such as start-up fuels are only used during light-off and warm-up periods and therefore do not require testing at every condition. 

In case of a leakage from a high pressure pipeline the usual relationships for flame dimensions of Sect. 10.6.1.1 cannot be applied, since they are only valid for pool fires (low initial momentum). 

Fig. 11.20 Relative length (a) and transverse flame dimension (b) versus hydrogen displacement pressure...

Flame dimension 3 all above, hcq <1.25w, No wall above or > 1.25wi... 

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