Fixed site carrier

Barboiu, M., Luca, C., Popescu, G., Cot, L., Guizard, C., Hovnanian, N. and Barboiu, C. (1996) Facilitated transport of L-amino-adds II. Transport of L-phenylalanine by macrocydic fixed-site carrier membranes. Preliminary report. Roumaine Biotechnology Letters, 1 (2), 87-97. 

Barboiu M, Luca C, Popescu G, Cot L, Guizard C, Hovnanian N, Barboiu C. Facilitated transport of L-amino-acids II. Transport of L-Phenylalanine by macrocyclic fixed-site carrier membranes. Preliminary report. Roum. Biotech. Lett. 1996 1 87-97. 

Membranes with carrier-facilitated transport for specific gas components have also been in focus for some years, but some of these membranes studied seem to be dead-end developments. Of special interest are however those reported for CO2 capture, either as liquid membranes or as fixed-site carriers (FSC) in polymers [14,15]. 

Kim T.J. and Hagg MB. Novel fixed-site-carrier polyvinylamine membrane for carbon dioxide capture. J. Pol. Sci. Part B Polym. Phys. 2004 42 4326 335. 

Noble R. Analysis of facilitated transport with fixed site carrier membranes. J. Membr. Sci. 1990 50 207-214. 

Noble RD. Facihtated transport mechanism in fixed site carrier membranes. J Membr Sci 1991 60 297-306. 

Lacan, R, Guizard, C., Legall, R, Wettling, D., and Cot, L. 1995. Facilitated transport of ions through fixed-site carrier membranes derived from hybrid organic-inorganic materials. Journal of Membrane Science 100 99—109. 

Kusakabe K., Shibao F., Zhao G., Sotowa K.-L, Watanabe K., Saito T. Surface modification of silica membranes in a tubular type module. J. Membr. Sci. 2003 215 321-326 Lacan P., Guizard C., Le Gall P., Wettling D., Cot L. Facilitated transport of ions through fixed-site carrier membranes derived from hybrid organic-inorganic materials. J. Membr. Sci. 1995 100 99-109... 

Second, other types of membrane separation processes can also be proposed for the CO2/N2 separation step, in order to play the same role as the absorption process. In that case, it is absolutely necessary to carefully estimate the operating costs (OPEX) and capital costs (CAPEX) of the operation, so that an overall CO2 capture cost (in euros or per ton of recovered CO2) can be precisely estimated. This data will obviously be of utmost importance in order to evaluate the chances of the membrane process to possibly compete with the standard capture process. A CO2/N2 separation efficiency is clearly needed in that case. Depending on the membrane material, this characteristic can be obtained based on a physical mechanism (solution-diffusion in a dense polymer, for instance, which corresponds to a classical membrane gas separation operation ), or a chemical reaction in a polymeric matrix based on fixed sites (so-called fixed site carrier membranes ) or with membranes making use of a mobile selective carrier (liquid membranes ). 

M. Sandru, High molecular fixed-site-carrier PVAm membrane for CO2 capture. Desalination, 2009, 240, 298 300. 

Hong, J., Kang, Y. S., Jang, J., and Kim, U. Y. (1996). Analysis of facilitated transport in polymeric membrane with fixed site carrier 2. Series RC circuit model. J. Membr. Sci. 109, 159. 

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