Fish oils adverse effects

Adverse effects of fish oils include fishy aftertaste, nausea, and diarrhea. 

Type III hyperlipoproteinemia may be treated with fibrates or niacin. Although fibrates have been suggested as the drugs of choice, niacin is a reasonable alternative because of the lack of data supporting a cardiovascular mortality benefit from fibrates and because of their potentially serious adverse effects. Fish oil supplementation may be an alternative therapy. 

Next, I examined the combined effects of 5-FU plus two fish oils (carp oil and tuna oil) on the antitumor activity and adverse reactions compared to the effects of 5-FU alone (12.5 mg/kg). I found that carp oil (0.4 ml/mouse) or tuna oil (0.2 or 0.4 ml/mouse) enhanced the ability of 5-FU (12.5 mg/kg) to prevent tumor growth, without increasing adverse... 

The safety of drugs containing EPA and DHA has been reviewed the reported adverse effects were similar to those in control groups (3). Even 3-7 g/day for several months did not change liver enzyme activities, and there were no bleeding problems. Consumption of fish oils reduces the resistance of LDL to oxidative modification, and this is partly opposed by the addition of vitamin E (4). Belching or eructation with a fishy taste or smell, vomiting, flatulence, diarrhea, and constipation are relatively common. 

Of 39 patients with Crohn s disease, treated with an enteric-coated fish oil formulation, 4 were withdrawn because of diarrhea, the only reported adverse effect in this investigation (12). 

In 814 patients randomly allocated to fish oils for 18 weeks for the reduction of re-stenosis after percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty, gastrointestinal adverse effects, most commonly bloating and burping, were reported in 37% of patients taking fish oils, versus 31% of those taking placebo (13). 

Fish oil supplements (SEDA-13, 460) (SEDA-18, 3), rich in long-chain polyunsaturated ( -3 fatty acids (eicosa-pentaenoic acid, docosahexaenoic acid), can reduce plasma concentrations of triglycerides and VLDL cholesterol, reduce platelet aggregation, prolong bleeding time, reduce blood pressure, increase the fluidity of the blood, and affect leukotriene production. Reported adverse effects include fullness and epigastric discomfort, diarrhea, and a fishy taste after belching. In addition to these mild symptoms, certain areas have been identified in which problems of a more serious nature could arise ... 

Bile acid-binding resins may be used to lower cholesterol in transplant patients, but adequate doses are difficult to achieve without the development of GI adverse effects. Because the absorption of CSA is dependent on the presence of bile in the GI tract, patients should be instructed to separate dosing of bile acid-binding resins and CSA by at least 2 hours. Bile acid-binding resins also should be separated from other immunosuppressants by at least 2 hours to avoid physical adsorption in the GI tract. For transplant patients who have hypertriglyceridemia refractory to dietary intervention, fish oil and fibric acid derivatives are well-tolerated, effective alternatives (see Chap. 21). Fibric acid derivatives are most effective in lowering serum triglyceride concentrations. 

Figure 6 Adverse effect observed in the 2D structure of a chromatogram obtained for chiral separation of toxaphene in fish oil on BPX-172xBPX-50 with GCxGC- iECD when applying a fast D oven temperature ramp [3].

No adverse side effects of fucoxanthin were reported in the mice study. Notably, in animal studies, fucoxanthin also appeared to stimulate liver to produce docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), a type of omega-3 fatty acid, at levels comparable to fish oil supplementation. The animal experiments with fucoxanthin stimulated researchers to recommend human clinical trials. In placebo-controlled trials, a supplement containing a 5% fucoxanthin (daily dosage 10 mg) did not reveal any harmful effects (Holt, 2008). Therefore, fucoxanthin may be considered as nontoxic, nonaller-genic, biocompatible, bioactive materials. 

More recently, too much hnoleic acid in the diet was associated with a predisposition toward coronary and inflammatory diseases. Because n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids moderated the adverse effects of excess n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids, nutritionists have advocated an increase in consumption of fish and fish oils. The oxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acids components in lipoproteins in blood is now implicated in the development of atherosclerosis (see Sections D and E). Therefore, in recommending increased intakes of n-3 polyunsaturated fats in the diet, the potentially serious problems of their oxidation should not be overlooked by nutritionists and the general public. 

The effects of different doses of fish oil on thrombosis and bleeding time have been investigated. A dose of 1.8gEPAday did not result in any prolongation in bleeding time, but 4 g day increased bleeding time and decreased platelet count with no adverse... 

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