First leg

Each leg of the titration curve is calculated separately. The first leg, from pH 1 to 6, corresponds to the dissociation of protonated alanine, H2A+. The second leg, from pH 6 to 11, corresponds to the dissociation of zwitterionic alanine, HA. It s as if we started with H2A+ at low pH and then titrated with NaOH. When 0.5 equivalent of NaOH is added, the deprotonation of H2A+ is 50% done when 1.0 equivalent of NaOH is added, the deprotonation of H2A+ is complete and HA predominates when 1.5 equivalent of NaOH is added, the deprotonation of H A is 50% done and when 2.0 equivalents of NaOH is added, the deprotonation of HA is complete. 

Note that there are two flat portions (called legs) on the titration curve where the pH does not increase appreciably with the addition of NaOH. The midpoint of the first leg, , is when half of the original acidic amino acid (I) has been titrated and it becomes a zwitterion (II). 

For monofunctlonal surfaces with weak surface groups the first leg of a conductometric titration plot Is also ascending, though less so than the second leg. Hence the number of groups can still be determined. Different types of groups on one surface can be conductometrically distinguished by titration at different pH s If the various proton affinities are sufficiently apart. 

The extraction principles employed by most percolation extractors are the same, but the method by which each achieves countercurrent flow of solvent to flakes is different. The shallow-bed, chain extractor (Fig. 11.12), which resenibles a full-loop conveyor, is one of today s widely used extractors. Crown Iron Works (Minneapolis, MN) manufactures this type of extractor. In early versions that still exist in the industry, flakes are fed into an inlet hopper and are conveyed down the first leg of the loop where they are washed with moderately dilute miscella to extract surface oil and penetrate the cells. As the flake bed moves into the bottom horizontal section, full miscella is recycled through the bed for filtering, and then to a liquid cyclone for final... 

Ten minutes from the ferry station Haukelid and Larsen left the car to ski to Kongsberg, forty miles away around the lake, where they would catch a train for the first leg of their escape to Sweden. Sdrlie carried a report for London to the clandestine radio. The driver returned the stolen car and he and the Rjukan man strolled home. At Haukelid s suggestion the Norsk Hydro transport engineer had arranged a foolproof alibi over the weekend doctors at the local hospital operated on him for appendicitis, no questions asked. 

A (a) It takes longer in the first situation, (b) The rower requires less time rowing with the current. A good way to visualize this situation is to analyze an extreme case, such that the current is very strong. It The first leg will take a short time, but the second leg will take a very long time. 

The solution to the problem was to replace the L-valve by a loop seal (Figure 16.3), which is essentially a fluidized bed divided by a vertical baffle except for a gap at the bottom to allow solids to pass between the two side-by-side beds, fluidized by separate air supplies. Hot lime particles fall into the bed nearest to the calciner, flow under the vertical baffle into the second bed adjacent to the cooler driven by the higher pressure in the first leg of the loop. The solids in the second bed then overflow into the cooler. This system operates like two arms of a manometer and there are fluidized solids present at all times in the loop preventing hot gas from passing direct into the cooler. 

Consistent with this three-part definition, I see quality as a sturdy stool standing on three legs as shown in Figure 7.1. The first leg is client, owner, or customer wants and/ or needs. However, in my view, meeting each and every client, owner, or customer want or need does not constitute a quality project. More is needed. Governing criteria form the second leg. This leg includes local, state, federal, and other requirements as well as design criteria prescribed by others. 

Since the first leg of the initiation step (activation of initiator) is generally slow due to a high value of the corresponding energy of activation (about 120kJ-mor ), it determines the global kinetics of initiation thus... 

---