Fire retardant example, mixtures

SFC-FID is widely used for the analysis of (nonvolatile) textile finish components. An application of SFC in fuel product analysis is the determination of lubricating oil additives, which consist of complex mixtures of compounds such as zinc dialkylthiophosphates, organic sulfur compounds (e.g. nonylphenyl sulfides), hindered phenols (e.g. 2,6-di-f-butyl-4-methylphenol), hindered amines (e.g. dioctyldiphenylamines) and surfactants (sulfonic acid salts). Classical TLC, SEC and LC analysis are not satisfactory here because of the complexity of such mixtures of compounds, while their lability precludes GC determination. Both cSFC and pSFC enable analysis of most of these chemical classes [305]. Rather few examples have been reported of thermally unstable compounds analysed by SFC an example of thermally labile polymer additives are fire retardants [360]. pSFC has been used for the separation of a mixture of methylvinylsilicones and peroxides (thermally labile analytes) [361]. 

A mixture of ammonium chloride and borax was one of the treatments of cellulosic fabrics reported by Gay-Lussac in 1821. Due to its low dehydration temperature and water solubility, sodium borates are only used as flame retardants in cellulose insulation (ground-up newspaper— see Sections 9.2.1.2 and 9.2.2.1), wood timber, textiles, urethane foam, and coatings. For example, a mixture of urethane (100 parts), borax (100 phr), and perlite (30phr) was claimed to provide flame-retardant urethane foam.8 Borax in conjunction with boric oxide, silica, ammonium chloride, and APB as ceramizing additives and volume builders, are claimed in a fire-protection coating based on polybutadiene and silicone microemulsion.9 Using a modified DIN 4102 test, the chipboard with the coating showed a loss of mass less than 1% and there was no pyrolysis of the wood sample. 

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