Finnish Lapland

Much additional work seems needed on chemical and other processes that hasten excretion and prevent uptake and accumulation of radionuclides in livestock and wildlife. Reindeer herding is the most important occupation in Finnish Lapland and portions of Sweden (Rissanen and Rahola... 

FINLAND Finnish Lapland 137Cs 1979-84 vs. 1986 (post-Chemobyl) Arboreal lichens 120 DW vs. 590 DW 7... 

Miettinen, J.K. 1969. Enrichment of radioactivity by Arctic ecosystems in Finnish Lapland. Pages 23-31 in D.J. Nelson and F.C. Evans (eds.). Symposium on Radioecology. Proceedings of the Second National Symposium. Available as CONF-670503 from The Clearinghouse for Federal Scientific and Technical Information, Natl. Bur. Standards, Springfield, VA 22151. 

Mannio, J., Jarvinen, O., Tuominen, R. and Verta, M. (1995) Survey of trace elements in lake waters of Finnish Lapland using the ICP-MS technique. Science of the Total Environment, 160-161, 433-39. 

Loukola, R.K., Tanskanen, H. and Lahermo, P. (1999) Anomalously high arsenic concentrations in spring waters in Kittila, Finnish Lapland. Special Paper of the Geological Survey of Finland, No. 27, 97-102. 

Dauvalter V. 1995. Influence of pollution and acidification on metal concentrations in Finnish Lapland sediments. Water Air Soil Pollut 85 853-858. 

Saarinen, J. (1998) The social construction of tourist destinations The process of transformation of the Saariselka tourism region in Finnish Lapland. In G. Ringer (ed.) Destinations (pp. 154-173). London Routledge. 

Finnish Lapland 60-250 Betula, Salix and Vac-cinium vitis-idaea dried leaves... 

Case Study B Analyzing Pasture Use of Semidomestic Reindeer in Finnish Lapland with GPS Collar Tracking... 

Vajda, A., Venalainen, A., Hanninen, P., Sutinen, R. (2006). Effect of vegetation on snow cover at the northern timberline A case study in Finnish Lapland. Silva Fennica, 40(2), 195-207. 

The maximum radiation dose rate of Cs to man, 560 mrad/year, was reported for reindeer herders of the Murmansk region (U.S.S.R.) in 1966 by Niznikov et al. (1969). In Finnish Lapland the main source of irradiation for the present generation of reindeer herders is Po (3 rem/30years). The second in importance is the natural external radiation (1.7 rem/30 years) and the third is the fallout nuclide Cs (1 rem/30 years). The value of Cs was estimated assuming no significant changes in the fallout situation. The radiation dose to the reindeer herders due to the radionuclides transported along the food chain lichen-reindeer-man is about double compared to the radiation dose due to the natural external radiation. 

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