Fining process, short-time

Short contact time coal extracts show a greater percentage denitrogenation in the total liquid product than SRC-I coal extract when processed by LC-Fining. Also, short contact time coal extracts show a lower C1-C4 gas yield. 

When heated to about 50°C, sodium bicarbonate begins to dissociate into carbon dioxide, sodium carbonate, and water on heating to 250-300°C, for a short time, sodium bicarbonate is completely converted into anhydrous sodium carbonate. However, the process is both time- and temperature-dependent, with conversion 90% complete within 75 minutes at 93°C. The reaction proceeds via surface-controlled kinetics when sodium bicarbonate crystals are heated for a short period of time, very fine needle-shaped crystals of anhydrous sodium carbonate are formed on the sodium bicarbonate surface. ... 

Referring to Fig. 7.5 and 7.6, in phase I, powder mixing takes place. During this process Si is zero (or very low) and tumbling conditions are not altered therefore, the power consumption remains constant. After mixing has been completed, which is defined by the previously, experimentally determined time that is required to uniformly blend the powder components, addition of binder liquid begins. Typically, binder is added as a fine spray and at constant rate. For a short time (see Fig. 7.6), the power consumption curve will not be influenced until, at S2, it begins to increase. 

It is supposed that due to the short time of laser sintering undesirable recrystallisation processes are prevented or limited. Besides, optimum conditions for formation of nanoporous layer during laser sintering are provided due to specific ability of nanoparticles to consolidation. As a result, the filter materials possess increased filtration fineness and throughput in comparison with the analogical... 

Short-time fining process, with SbjO as fining agent, consisting of fining period (30 min, 1280 °C) and subsequent temperature-dependent redissolution period of oxygen blisters. 

In a solution/precipitation process developed by Roche [97] a carotenoid dispersion, prepared as described in Section Dl,. is treated for a short time with superheated steam and the resulting oil-water carotenoid mixture is stabilized by emulsification in an aqueous matrix solution the carotenoid precipitates from its initial solution in the oil phase in a finely divided amorphous form. 

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