Film/coating formation surface effects

These include water-based materials such as amine, esters and alkylsilanes. Water-based amines and esters have no significant effect on slump and rate of hardening of concrete. It is claimed they delay corrosion of steel both in cracked and uncracked members. Effectiveness of the admixture has been attributed to a dual mechanism of corrosion inhibition, viz. prevention of chloride and moisture ingress and formation of a protective film on the surface of the steel. Ester molecules derived from the admixture are said to line the pores of the concrete thus increasing the resistance to moisture and chloride penetration, while the film-forming characteristics of the amine promote adsorption of the molecules on the steel surface, providing a protective coat which keeps moisture and chlorides out. 

The electrolytic oxidation was found to proceed much faster in the presence of Cu-pyridine as a redox mediator in the electrolytic cell divided with a membrane. The electrode coated with Cu/poly(4-vinylpyridine) was also effective for the oxidative polymerization, and what was more, without a partition membrane (Figure 8). Polymer-Cu complex film coated on the electrode prevented formation of the insulating film of the product polymer on the electrode surface and decreased the electrolytic potential. The oxidation using the electrode coated with a macromolecular Cu complex provides a facile method for forming poly(phenylene oxide)s. 

The polymer/metal particle composites have been synthesized by utilizing fine metal surfaces as effective initiation sites for radical polymerization of vaporized vinyl monomers. On the metal surfaces, GASP of vinyl monomers is initiated and induces the formation of polymer thin-film coatings of the fine metal particles. Andou et al. demonstrated that GASP of MMA on a zero-valent iron (Fe(0))... 

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