Filler inhomogeneities

A heterogeneous stress distribution is observed which results from the cut as well as from filler inhomogeneities. The grey scale indicates local stress in the range from 0 to 2.4 MPa. 

Deuterated PB networks filled with carbon black have been investigated recently [74]. The 2H NMR lineshape is different from that in unfilled elastomers an asymmetric doublet is observed as the sample is uniaxially stretched (A,=1.8)). This asymmetry is related to the presence of carbon black fillers, which induce magnetic inhomogeneities. 

The thermal conductivity of a porous medium is a function of density, porosity, grainsize, shape, cementation, mineral composition and nature of the pore fillers (Somerton, 1992), i.e. the thermal conductivity is different for different types of rock. The heat flow in an inhomogeneous porous medium under conductive equilibrium conditions is given by... 

Resin and fillers of different density are separated by rotational forces. Even when a mixture of different particle sized resin is used, the finer particles manage to sift through the larger particles to the mold surface. If a material of higher density such as filler is added, this will, by itself, enhance the movement of heavier particles to the mold surface to cause cross-sectional inhomogeneities in the composition. This has been confirmed by studies involving incorporation of... 

Mixing process Technical rubbers are blends of up to about 30 different compounds like natural rubber, styrene-butadiene rubber, silicate and carbon-black fillers, and mobile components like oils and stearic acid. These components show a large variety of physical, chemical, and NMR properties. Improper mixing leads to inhomogeneities in the final product with corresponding variations in mechanical and thermal properties. A key question of interest is to determine the optimum and most efficient mixing process which ensures a product which meets its specifications for use. 

Inhomogeneous adhesive mixture (in the case of filler-containing adhesives)... 

Most micromechanical theories treat composites where the thermoelastic properties of the matrix and of each filler particle are assumed to be homogeneous and isotropic within each phase domain. Under this simplifying assumption, the elastic properties of the matrix phase and of the filler particles are each described by two independent quantities, usually the Young s modulus E and Poisson s ratio v. The thermal expansion behavior of each constituent of the composite is described by its linear thermal expansion coefficient (3. It is far more complicated to treat composites where the properties of some of the individual components (such as high-modulus aromatic polyamide fibers) are themselves inhomogeneous and/or anisotropic within the individual phase domains, at a level of theory that accounts for the internal inhomogeneities and/or anisotropies of these phase domains. Consequently, there are very few analytical models that can treat such very complicated but not uncommon systems truly adequately. 

Filling of the pol uner binder augments electrochemical inhomogeneity of the system. Uneven distribution of filler particles within the binder and their removal from the coating surface layer under service factors stipulates inhomogeneous distribution of the electrode potential over the substrate. Note that defects in filled coatings are more dangerous with respect to corrosion than those in non-filled ones. 

Yang L, et al (2004) Revised Kubelka-Munk Theory. II. Unified framework for homogeneous and inhomogeneous optical media. Journal Opt. Soc. Am. A 21(10) 1942 McLain L, Wygant R (2005) Fundamental Filler Characteristics for Maximum Sheet Performance, Paper presented at AEL Metsko s Stock Preparation and Uses of Various Pulps Workshop, Munich, Germany, November 2005... 

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