Field spectrograph

Abstract. ISIS IR is the first attempt to use fibre optics for near infrared ectroscopy (A < 1.8/tm). It is a field spectrograph (2D ectroscopy), and can work at various resolving powers (up to 25000). It can be transported anjrwhere, and soon it will be used at CFHT with one NICMOS 3-based camera. 

The purpose of multiobject spectroscopy (MOS) is to obtain spectra of many objects within a wide field of view. Modem spectrographs have fields of 5-200 arcmin wifhin which several fens to hundreds of objects may be observed simultaneously. With microslit techniques, the multiplex advantage may be increased still further. The main technological options are (Fig. 13) ... 

Figure 17. Steps in the constmction of a datacube of the nucleus of NGC1068 from observations with the integral held unit of the Gemini Multiobject Spectrograph installed on the Gemini-north telescope. The datacube is illustrated by a few spectra distributed over the field and equivalently by a few slices at a given radial velocity in the light of the [OIII]5007 emission line. Only a few percent of the total data content is shown.

Advanced computerisation and sensorisation and developments in the field of multielement optical detectors (CCD and PDA) and fibre optic remote spectroscopy have added modularity and flexibility. Silica-silica fibres used for spectroscopy applications are multimode with core diameters from 50 to 1000 p,m. The application of new technologies to optical instrumentation (e.g. improved gratings in spectrographs, the use of... 

Instrumentally, spectral FLIM generates a spectrally resolved set of lifetimes by either introducing filters to provide spectral resolution or a spectrograph between the sample and image intensifier. The first such system was created for looking at the long lifetimes of lanthanide dyes [37]. Later, a spectral FLIM system was described for measuring from a two-dimensional (2D) area of a microscope field... 

Most practitioners of the precise art and subtle science of mass spectrometry acknowledge the field to have originated with the work of J.J. Thomson (Fig. 19.1) and associates, [6] published in 1910-1912, using the parabola mass spectrograph. Seminal discoveries that he and his coworkers made include the fact that the elements could be polyisotopic, by discovering the isotopes of neon. Thomson was awarded the Nobel Prize in physics of 19062 for his work on investigations on the conduction of electricity by gases. ... 

Beckey, H.D. Mass Spectrographic Investigations, Using a Field Emission Ion Source. Z. Naturforsch. 1959, 14A, 712-721. 

Figure 1.5 Parabola mass spectrograph constructed bylJ. Thomson (1910) with a discharge tube as ion source, a superimposed electrical field and a magnetic field oriented parallel to it for ion separation, and a photoplate for ion detection. (H. Kienitz (ed.), Massenspektrometrie (1968), Verlag Chemie, Weinheim. Reproduced by permission of Wiley-VCH.)...

---