Field line collection area

Figure 11. Field line collection area as a function of wire size and height...

The imager provides a technique for achieving a small scale pre-multiplexing of the detector array while retaining a photovoltaic structure. By cycling the potentials on the control lines to selectively create field induced junctions, the effective collection area for incoming radiation will cycle about the unit cell. Consequently, the number of resolution elements on the focal plane is multiplied. 

Fig. 5. Variation of the Sl80 and 8D values of the fluid delivered from well 131, located 500 m away from the re-injection site, during an injection test conducted in the peripheral area of Serrazzano in the Larderello field (open squares). The figure also shows graphically, and in arbitrary units, the flow rate Q of water re-injected into the well as a function of time, and the position of each sample collected. Theoretical isotopic pattern of the steam produced by re-injected water, assuming continuous steam separation at depth, is also reported. Since the actual evaporation temperature and the fraction of residual water are unknown, calculations were made for three different temperatures (140, 160, and 180 °C) and fractions (/w) of residual liquid water after boiling. Dashed line represents the hypothetical mixing between deep geothermal steam (W) and completely evaporated re-injected water (R).

Fig. 4.40 Procedures used in measuring the dipole moment of adatoms by an FIM-FEM combination experiment, (a) A clean W surface is prepared by low temperature field evaporation and characterized by the FIM image. (b) The (110) plane is lined up with a Faraday cap using an external gimbal, the image gas is pumped out and the polarity of the tip is changed. A FN plot is then taken, (c) Adatoms are deposited on the (110) surface and their number found by the field ion image, in this case 9 adatoms. (d) A FN plot is taken again from the same surface area but now with the presence of 9 adatoms on the surface, (e) Two sets of data collected from two different (110) planes are shown (circles are for clean W (110), and squares are with 10 adatoms). The solid lines are for W adatoms and the broken lines are for Ta adatoms.

Similar to the situation with affinity enrichment (Fig. la), the offline variant of biochemical detectors (Fig. Ic) is far more popular [17] than the on-line variants. In most cases, off-line coupling means fractionation of the eluate stream. This approach is frequently used, at least in the area of preparative HPLC. However, predominantly peak-controlled fractionation is applied based on UV (and MS) detection. In the field of drug screening, the chromatographic separation of, for example, extracts of natural products and their subsequent fractionation is routinely used. Today, the fractions are often no longer collected in small vials, but in microtitration plates (MTP) of various formats. Modern fraction collectors are often able to fractionate into one or even several MTP. The off-line approach is often considered to be less advanced nevertheless, it shows some significant advantages ... 

The assessment of compositional equivalence, livestock nutritional performance, and safety in rodent feeding studies share many common features. All these studies involve test, control, and reference groups, a specified experimental design that involves randomization and replication, followed by data collection (measurements) and lastly, evaluation (statistics). The study plan for the compositional analysis of maize has been described in detail previously (11) and is summarized in Table 1. The maize test line (event NK603), the control line (a near isogenic parental hybrid), and reference lines (19 conventional, non-transgenic commercial hybrids) obtained from controlled field trials were included in the study. Field sites were located in two different geographic areas, the United States (U.S.) and the European Union (E.U.), over... 

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