Fibre reinforced phenol-formaldehyde resins

The laser flash technique has been used to measure the specific heat of fibre-reinforced phenol-formaldehyde resins [31]. This technique has also been used to determine the specific heat of PVDF [45, 52]. 

Thermal diffusivity measurements have been reported for fibre reinforced phenol-formaldehyde resins [31], PA 6,6, PP, PMMA [54] and trifluoroethylene nanocomposites [55]. 

This technique has been used to measure a specific heat of fibre-reinforced phenol-formaldehyde resins [39]. 

Volnme resistivities have been reported on phenol-formaldehyde [37], carbon fibre reinforced ABS terpolymer [35], natural rubber [38], polystyrene (PS) [35], HDPE-natnral fibre composites [34], carbon black filled PP-epoxy-glass fibre composites [5], XLPE [32], nanoclay reinforced EPDM-g-TMEVS [31] and epoxy resin/PANI blends [33]. 

The manufacture of PCBs is less complicated than that of ICBs. There are basically two types of PCB [16], the cheaper phenol-formaldehyde impregnated paper boards and the better quality epoxy resin and hard-ener/fibreglass PCBs. In these latter types, the fibre-glass acts as a reinforcement filler, and they are manufactured as described in the following sections [16,17]. 

The application of lignocellulosic fibres in reinforcing plastics has been known for a long time. As early as 1908 the first composite materials were applied for the production of large quantities of sheets, tubes and pipes for electronic purposes (paper or cotton to reinforce sheets, made of phenol or melamine formaldehyde resins). In 1896, aeroplane seats and fuel tanks were made of natural fibres with a small amount of polymeric binder [1],... 

The first realised kind of fibre-reinforced composites was in form of preforms where fibres, unidirectionally aligned or weaved or processed in one or another way, were impregnated by epoxide, phenol formaldehyde or imide resins. As mechanical strength of materials in fibrous form is usually one order of magnitude higher than... 

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