Fiber continuity

The growth of polyolefin fibers continues. Advances in olefin polymerization provide a wide range of polymer properties to the fiber producer. Inroads into new markets are being made through improvements in stabilization, and new and improved methods of extmsion and production, including multicomponent extmsion and spunbonded and meltblown nonwovens. 

Work on other routes to ceUulosic fibers continues, driven by a desire to identify an environmentally benign route to ceUulosic fibers that can utilize the large capital investment in the xanthate route and hence cost less than a completely new fiber process. 

The fibers continue to deform elastically, but the matrix deforms plastically... 

A composite material is defined as a material consisting of two or more distinct constituents or phases, which are insoluble in one another. The main types of reinforcement are particles, discontinuous fibers, continuous fibers (or filaments) and flakes. 

Membrane Module System Characteristics PES Fibers Continuous Cost, plugging PES Spirals Continuous Cost Cellulose, PES, PVDF Cassette Batch, NFF Recovery PES Fibers Continuous, single-pass Cost PES, PVDF Tubes Batch Plugging, cost... 

Inks, another contaminant of secondary fibers, may be removed by heating a mixture of secondary fibers with surfactants. The removed inks are then dispersed in an aqueous medium to prevent redeposition on the fibers. Continuous solvent extraction has also been used to recover fibers from paper and board coated with plastics or waxes. 

The fiber continuity requirement for the taper follows from the assumption that all fibers are infinitely long and their number is constant. A mass balance gives the fiber-volume-fraction dependency along the x-axis as... 

For example, consider the crack tip as it intersects a fiber (Fig. 16). The local stresses at the tip can cause fiber-matrix debonding. The crack tip continues to open causing the interfacial debonded region to extend. The fiber continues to interact with the matrix through a frictional sliding force even after the initial bond fails. The distance over which the force acts is the debonded length times the difference in strain between the fiber and the matrix. 

Fig. 5. Retraction requires Yersinia phosphatase (YOP) plus an additional component in S-100. (A) Time-lapse sequence of phase contrast micrographs of a fiber assembled in S-100 and then perfused with S-100 containing YOP. The vesicle-bearing end of the fiber is at the top. With time, the fiber shortened and its optical density decreased. Numbers in each frame are elapsed time in minutes. (B) Fiber perfused with YOP in KPM assembly buffer. Without S-100 present, the fiber lost optical density but exhibited very litde shortening. (C) A similar sequence showing a fiber perfused with S-100 containing 1 mM ATP, but without added YOP. The fiber continued to grow at its vesicle bearing end and did not retract. Bars, 5 /im. Reproduced from Science, 2003, vol. 302, pp. 1405-1407.

After the American Revolution, American settlers continued to grow hemp of excellent quality in the land now known as Kentucky. Hemp fiber continued to be a cash crop, the source of rope that rigged many of the world s sailing ships, and the rugged fabric that covered settlers wagons as they made their way westward. Canvas, another hemp product, was widely used for sails in the shipping industry. A remarkably durable cloth, it is one of the few that seawater does not rot or mildew. (The word canvas is rooted in cannabis. )... 

Table - I. Effect of grafting on the tensile properties of MMA grafted KPM rayon and jute fiber. Continued on next page.

Figure 3 shows video images of fiber growth made through a window at the top of the growth tube each dark circle defines the inner wall of the tube at a different time. Figure 3a was made after the growth tube had been exposed to the experimental conditions cited above for 9.5 h. Very thin fibers first became visible within 30 minutes (Figure 3b). These fibers continued to thicken with time and thus became more visible as the experiment was concluded.

At 8% concentration less than 30 nm diameter fibers were formed with beads (drops of polymer over the woven mesh) and they were not uniform and were branched off (Figure 23). At 10% eoneentration with 5 em spinning distanee and 2, 3 and 4 kV/em eleetrie fields, drops were formed instead of fibers. Continuous fibers were obtained above 12% regardless of eleetrie field and distanee (Figures 22 and 23). At 19.5%, the average fiber diameter was much larger than that of fibers spun at lower eoneentrations. In the short distanee as well as low concentration (10%), the solution reaehes the eolleetion plate before the solvent fully evaporates. This explains the formation of droplets and beads at the low eoneentration and distanee. Fewer beads were observed in electrospun fibers at higher concentration. 

Increase in the regenerated silk concentration in the formic acid increases the solution viscosity. At low concentrations beads are form instead of fibers and at high concentrations the formation of continuous fibers are prohibited because of inability to maintain the flow of the solution at the tip of the needle resulting in the formation of larger fibers. Continuous... 

Continuous fibers Continuous strands of fibers, generally, available as wound fiber spools. 

FRU-L after a sheet of glass-fiber continuous-strand mat was placed in an open mold, the prescribed amount of PUF solution, prepared by hand mixing was poured into the mold and the contents were pressed to the fixed thickness (3 mm). 

A study by Roenigk " shows that regeneration of dermal collagen starts within 2-3 weeks. The increase in papillary dermal collagen and the production of elastic fibers continues for 6 months. Another study s on mice artificially photoaged by exposure to UV rays compared the histological... 

---