Fern derivatives

Additional information on chemical variation within this species came from studies of exudate and internal (vacuolar) pigments based on broader collections of the fern (Star et al., 1975a, b). Exudate flavonoids, identified from specimens representing the range of the species, were identified as ceroptene [221], the C-methylflavonol pityrogrammin [222], and two derivatives of kaempferol, the 4 -methyl ether [223] and the 7,4 -dimethyl ether [224] (see Fig. 2.69 for stmctures 221-224). 

Salto, M., Umeda, M., Enomoto, M., Hatanaka, Y., Natori, S., Yoshlhlra, K., Fukuoka, M. and Kuroyanagl, M. 1975. Cytotoxicity and carcinogenicity of pterosins and pterosides, 1-indanone derivatives and bracken fern Pteridium aquilinum). Experientia 31 824-831. 

A comparison of Tables I and II shows that the major coal measures of the world were derived from several quite different floristic assemblages. Thus the plants that gave rise to coals in Europe and the east and midwest of North America in the Carboniferous were part of a complex flora that included ferns, seed ferns, horsetails, lycopods and conifer precursors. Except for the conifer precursors, lignified xylem tissues tended to be minimal in these plant groups and unusually large leaves with extensive waxy cuticles were characteristic of three of the groups. 

Furuya, T. Kirimura, K. Kino, K., and Usami, S., Thermophilic biodesulfurization of dibenzothiophene and its derivatives by Mycobacterium phlei WU-F1. Ferns Microbiology Letters, 2001. 204(1) pp. 129-133. 

The antibacterial effect of honey derived from Kanuka and Manuka blossom against Staphylococcus aureus was shown and, more recently, Manuka honey was shown to be active against Helicobacter pylori. Leptospermum scoparium contains leptospermone, which has antihelminthic properties and is closely related to compounds having similar properties in male ferns leptospermone has insecticidal properties, and is similar in structure to the insecticide valone. 

A synthetic method of introducing a methoxy group into the alpha position of alpha-amino acid derivatives and a/p/ia-amino-fern-lactams has been exploited by employing an indirect electrooxidation process 23). For example, the electrolysis of the lactam 33a in a MeOH—NaCl—(Pt) system yields the methoxylated lactam 34a in 92% yield. The indirect methoxylation of fern-lactams proreeds successfully without cleavage of the azetidinone ring (Scheme 2-11). 

Iron and Cyanogen—Ferrous Cyanide—Constitution of Ferro- and Fern-cyanides —Ferrocyamdes—Cuproferrocyanides—Double Salts with Mercunc Cyanide —Ferricyamdes—Iron Derivatives of Ferro- and Ferri-cyanides—Prussian Blue. 

Two new rearranged hopanes, alangidiol (178) and isoalangidiol (179), with a d-e cis fusion have been reported from the leaves of Alangium lamarckii. New fernene derivatives which have appeared this year include fern-9(l l)-en-6a-ol (180) and fern-9(ll)-en-20j8-ol (181) from the rhizomes of Polypodium juglandifolium and hortensol (182) from the leaves of Evodia hortensis The structure of (182) was confirmed by A"-ray analysis. 

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