Features Influencing Performance

AND ASSEMBLING and Chapter 8, PROCESSING BEHAVIORS and PROCESSING AND PROPERTY). 

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The success of a specific technique will depend on whether, as a by-product of the technique, sizable stress levels in the plastic product may result. Guarding against potential stresses in the assembly is a very important aspect of complete product design. There are many techniques that provide assembling all kinds of products. Each have technical and/or cost advantages and limitations. Examples of a few are reviewed in this section with more information in Chapter 3, BASIC FEATURE and FEATURE INFLUENCING PERFORMANCE. 

In order to understand potential problems and their solutions, it is helpful to consider the relationships of machine capabilities, plastics processing variables, and part performance. Chapter 3, FEATURE INFLUENCING PERFORMANCE provides a preliminary analysis to this subject. 

Surface Area. The most important features influencing the performance of carbon blacks are aggregate size and surface area. Surface area is measured by gas- and Hquid-phase adsorption techniques, and depends on the amount of adsorbate required to form a surface monolayer. If the area occupied by a single-adsorbate molecule is known, a simple calculation will yield the surface area. A low temperature nitrogen absorption method, based on the original method of Bmnauer, Emmett, and Teller (BET) (30), has been adopted by ASTM as standard method D3037-86 (2). 

The ROTOBERTY internal recycle laboratory reactor was designed to produce experimental results that can be used for developing reaction kinetics and to test catalysts. These results are valid at the conditions of large-scale plant operations. Since internal flow rates contacting the catalyst are known, heat and mass transfer rates can be calculated between the catalyst and the recycling fluid. With these known, their influence on catalyst performance can be evaluated in the experiments as well as in production units. Operating conditions, some construction features, and performance characteristics are given next. 

In comparing the performance of bromine and chlorine compounds, a fundamental feature influencing the comparison is the strength of the respective carbon-halogen bond. In all analogous combinations the chlorine is more firmly bound. 

Rosato, D. V., Design Features That Influence Performance Detractors, SPE ANTEC, May 1991. 

Surface Area. The surface area is one of the most important features influencing the performance of carbon blacks. It is an extensity factor that determines the interfacial area between carbon black and the medium in which a given volume of black is dispersed. 

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