Fast-spoiled gradient-echo sequence

Sequences must be optimized to achieve a high spatial resolution and a fast acquisition time. As sequences must allow analysis of the cartilage with high contrast to the surrounding tissue, thin sliced 3D spoiled gradient echo sequences with spectral fat suppression (Eckstein et al. 1998) or with selective water excitation (Hyhlik-Durr et al. 2000) are usually performed. The water excitation protocol allows the water-bound protons in the cartilage to be excited selectively and directly. Therefore, no prepulse is required as in conventional fat-suppressed imaging protocols. 

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