Fast spin-echo imaging

Fig. 5. Standard fast spin-echo imaging of the pelvis and the lower leg. Typical contrasts between musculature and other tissues are demonstrated. Bl = bladder, Fe = femur. Gluteus = gluteus muscle. Original recording parameters matrix 192 x 256, slice thickness 6 mm, a-c field of view (fov) = 380 mm, d-f fov = 180 mm. (a) and (d) Proton density weighting TR = 5000 ms, TE = 12 ms. (b) and (e) Ti-weighting TR = 500 ms, TE = 12 ms. (c) and (f) 7 2-weighting TR = 5000 ms, TE = 100 ms.

Soto JA, Barish MA, Yucel EK et al (1995) MR cholangiopancreatography findings on 3D fast spin-echo imaging. AJR Am J Roentgenol 165 1397-1401... 

Figure 13 Sagittal T2-weighted fast spin echo image shows an intramedullary spinal cord mass from sarcoidosis at the C4 level that is of relatively low T2 signal with prominent surrounding cord edema.

Clinical MR scanners used for fast imaging experiments may have up to 15 kW RF amplifiers. These high powers are necessary to reduce pulse duration in fast spin-echo imaging sequences. However, care must be taken that the amplifiers are linear otherwise the shaped pulses necessary for slice selection will be distorted and the slice profile degraded. Of course, many manufacturers are aware of this problem and compensate their pulse shapes for the known distortions induced by the RF amplifier so that the final pulse shape delivered to the RF coil is optimal. If slice profiles are inadequate it is always worth checking for non-linearity in the RF amplifiers. 

Kiryu S, Okada Y, Ohtomo K (2002) Differentiation between hemangiomas and cysts of the liver with single-shot fast-spin echo image using short and long TE. Abdom Imaging 26 687-690... 

Anatomical localization is performed by acquiring three sets of orthogonal T2-weighted fast spin echo (FSE) images (see Table 1 for parameters). 

Ricci, P.E., et al., A comparison of fast spin-echo, fluid-attenuated inversion-recovery, and diffusion-weighted MR imaging in the first 10 days after cerebral infarction. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol, 1999. 20(8) p. 1535-42. 

Katayama M, Masui T, Kobayashi S et al (2001) Fat-suppressed T2-weighted MRI of the liver comparison of respiratory-triggered fast spin-echo, breath-hold singleshot fast spin-echo, and breath-hold fast-recovery fast spin-echo sequences. J Magn Reson Imaging 14 439-449... 

Tien, R.D., and Felsberg, G.J. 1995. The hippocampus in status epUepticus demonstration of signal intensity and morphologic changes with sequential fast spin-echo MR imaging. Radiology 194(l) 249-256... 

Fig. 9.5 Magnetic resonance imaging of the brain T2-weighted images using FLAIR (fluid attenuated inversion recovery) and FSE (fast spin echo) reveal enhanced signal intensity representing white matter abnormalities...

Ascher SM, O Malley J, Semelka RC, Patt RH, Rajan S, Thomasson D (1999) T2-weighted MRI of the uterus fast spin echo vs. breath-hold fast spin echo. J Magn Reson Imaging 9 384-390... 

Masui T, Katayama M, Kobayashi S, Sakahara H, Ito T, Nozaki A (2001) T2-weighted MRl of the female pelvis comparison of breath-hold fast-recovery fast spin-echo and nonbreath-hold fast spin-echo sequences. J Magn Reson Imaging 13 930-937... 

Tl Weighted Spin Echo Sequences 62 T2 Weighted Spin Echo Sequences 64 Proton Density Imaging 64 Fast Spin Echo Techniques 64... 

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