FISH FARMING

Another important source of antibiotics in human diet is through the ingestion of farmed fish. Farmed fish and shrimp are produced in crowded facilities with inadequate or nonexistent regulation of antibiotic use. The detection of chloramphenicol... 

Between May, 1986, and December, 1990, over 35,000 analyses were conducted in the United Kingdom for surveillance for veterinary drug residues in food. The results drawn from these analyses allow the incidence and concentrations of drug residues in the national food supply to be assessed (29). Although a very large number of samples were analyzed, a rather small number of samples were found to contain violative residues that mainly concerned sulfonamides in swine, and oxolinic acid and oxytetracycline in farmed fish. However, the incidence of sulfonamide residues in a range of swine tissues from home-produced and imported sources showed a significant decline over the period 1986-1990 (Table 13.21). 

Monogeneans can be important causes of loss in farmed fish. Benzimidazoles have been used to control Pseudodactylogyrus on eels and... 

Organic fish are divided into two groups - farmed and wild. The European organic standards only recognise farmed fish, and once these standards are introduced, wild fish will be relegated to the description of Soil Association Certified. 

The study by Hites et al. (2004) of BDEs in farmed and wild salmon promoted discussions regarding the consumption of fatty fish. The health benefits of omega-3 fatty acids are clear, but the consumption of (especially) farmed fish exposes consumers to higher intakes of lipophilic contaminants (including BDEs) and so presumably to an additional health risk (Law et al, 2006a). The development of less contaminated feeds for use in salmon farms may be a way of reducing this risk. 

Even more dramatic raw material changes have occurred in the supply of organic raw materials. The CPI initially used organic materials derived from farming, fishing, forestry, and animal husbandry sectors. Coal tar and coke oven rose as principal sources for the manufacture of synthetic dyes. In the decades after World War II, coal was displaced as a raw material by natural gas and refined petroleum products because of the lower cost and greater cleanliness of the latter. Early in the twenty-first century, the CPI may have to rely more heavily on vast coal deposits as a resource base, as supplies of oil and natural gas dwindle. 

Sargent, J.R., 1995, (n-3) Polyunsaturated fatty acids and farmed fish, in Pish Oil Technology, Nutrition and Marketing, Hamilton, R.J. and Rice, R.D., Eds., PJ Barnes Associates, High Wycombe, Chapter 5, 67. 

Silver carp H. molitrixon) Intestine, liver, muscle of farm fish Microcystins 24.3, 0.957, 0.197 DW Chen et al., 2006... 

Howgate, P. Tainting of farmed fish hy geosmin and 2-methyl-iso-bomeol a review of sensory aspects and of nptake/depuration, Aquaculture, 234, 155, 2004. 

In this case, the minimal price premium has been reduced because of the higher average weight increase (appreciable in terms of commercial size) of organically farmed fish compared to conventional fish. 

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