Farm labor

If Dalton s family had not been Quaker, he might have become a weaver himself, or lived out his life as a farm laborer, or followed... 

Professor W.A. Adams (soil science), University of Wales, Aberystwyth, UK F.M. Balzer (analysis for organic farming), Labor Dr F.M. Balzer, Wetter, Germany Zoltan Bodor (fertilizer analysis), Kemira, Finland... 

After World War II, mechanization became virtually essential for weed control and resulted in dramatic adoption of tractors in sugarcane. In Louisiana, the number of tractors on sugarcane farms doubled between 1940 and 1947. During this same period, sugarcane acreage in Louisiana increased 20% while farm labor decreased 40%. Much of this change was due to cultivation with tractors and the introduction of 2,4-D for broadleaf weed control (Conrad and Lucas, 1995). 

Due to the size of most farms, labor for cultivation is not available or affordable. 

As farm labor became less available or too costly following World War II and the Korean War, atrazine allowed the McCauleys to manage their weed problems more efficiently and with less labor. Also, atrazine allowed the McCauleys to expand their com acreage greatly, to begin reduced tillage practices, and to become better overall farm managers. 

Zartarian, V.G., J. Streicker, A. Rivera, C. Cornejo, S. Mohna, O. Valdez and J.O. Leckie, (1995). A Pilot Study to Collect Micro-Activity Data of 2-4 Year-Old Farm Labor Children in Salinas Valley, California, 7. Expo. Anal. Environ. Epidem., 5, 21-24. 

During the past few years, a concerted effort has been made to develop a machine which will pick tobacco leaves. Prototypes quickly evolved into commercial machines which during the course of a single day can pick eight acres of tobacco. A conventional hand-picking operation would require six people walking the same area to do the same job. Despite the fact that a machine will cost 16,000 and have a life expectancy of 10 years, it is now projected that any farmer with more than 30-40 acres of tobacco will harvest mechanically because of the price and more importantly, the lack of farm labor. 

Until the recent recession, the economic value of cycloheximide was usually associated with the development of air-harvesting equipment. In 1973 a portion of the Florida crop was never picked because hand labor was unavailable. The forecasts for 1974 and 1975 indicated that mechanical harvesting was a must if the industry was to survive. The recession hit, and farm labor became more available. Instead of decreasing in importance, cycloheximide actually grew because the eflBciency of hand-labor picking was significantly improved. As a result, the importance of fruit loosening took on another dimension for the citrus industry. 

The most common hazard for exposure to crystalline silica occurs with sandblasters who use sand for cleaning of surfaces, thus generating dust clouds of freshly fractured crystalline silica. Other occupations include farm labor where mineral dusts are generated... 

It was not their antisocial behavior nor their use of marihuana that made the Mexicans persona non grata. As long as the economy had been viable, differences between the Mexicans and Anglos were rarely belligerent. When the Depression hit, however, jobs in the city disappeared. Anglo workers now began looking to farm labor as a means of livelihood. It was then that real competition for jobs became an issue. 

Oregon s capital is less lively than the college towns to the south or the metropolitan Portland to the north. However, the ethnic populations of recent Russian immigrants and Mexican farm-laborers have brought a recent revival to Salem. 

One of the most complex marketing maps is published in black and white by the Department of Agriculture to show migratory routes of. agricultural labor 15). This map requires considerable study and interpretation. Numbers scattered over the United States are interpreted in an extensive legend which names the crops produced and indicates the harvest season for each of the numbered areas. Lines across the map indicate routes used by migratory farm laborers as they follow the crops north from summer to autumn. 

That means that, without doubt, our own costs will continue to rise—our research and manufacturing costs, travel and selling expenses, and so on. But of equal importance, agricultural costs are going to move up steadily too. In all probability the impact of inflation will be greater on the farm than on industry. Farm labor cost are already proving to be burdensome labor costs are now a matter of consequence to all farmers. They are going to become even more so within the next few years. 

Mike Hocker believes that the absence of a prehistoric land bridge would have a huge effect on our world. Eohippus, a primitive horse, was present in both North America and Europe (54,000 years ago), but the principal development of the horse occurred in Europe. The absence of a prehistoric land bridge would probably imply that no horses would be available to Europeans. For some unknown reason, horses became extinct in the Americas while their European children lived on. Would there be any horses today without a land bridge If no horses existed, the impact would be tremendous because of the role they played in human transportation and as farm labor. 

Today workers compensation laws cover about 90% of aU wage and salary employees. Some laws exclude certain categories of workers from protection. The exceptions vary among the different state and federal laws. Most common exceptions are domestic servants, casual (short-term, temporary) laborers, agricultural or seasonal farm laborers, volunteer workers, and workers covered by other laws (railroad and maritime workers). The laws exclude most professional athletes because they often have injury compensation clauses in their contracts. In many states, employers with fewer than two to five employees are also exempt. Under most laws, employers may elect to cover excluded employees voluntarily. In some states, exempted workers must agree with an employer who elects coverage voluntarily. 

Housing Act of 1964 (42 U.S.C. 1486(f) 42 U.S.C. 1452b(e)). Provides financial assistance for low-rent housing for domestic farm labor. The Act further provides for loans, through public or private agencies, where feasible, to owners or tenants of property in urban renewal areas to finance rehabilitation required to conform the property to applicable code requirements or carry out the objectives of the urban renewal plan for the area. 

NOTE For employees not having a regularly scheduled shift, such as certain truck drivers, construction workers, farm labor, casual labor, part-time employees, etc., it may be necessary to estimate the number of lost workdays. Estimates of lost workdays shall be based on prior work history of the employee AND days worked by employees, not ill or injured, working in the department and/or occupation of the ill or injured employee. 

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