Faraday, Joseph

Some 500 years ago during Columbuss second voyage to what are now the Americas he and his crew saw children playing with balls made from the latex of trees that grew there Later Joseph Priest ley called this material rubber to describe its ability to erase pencil marks by rubbing and in 1823 Charles Macintosh demonstrated how rubber could be used to make waterproof coats and shoes Shortly there after Michael Faraday determined an empirical for mula of CsHs for rubber It was eventually determined that rubber is a polymer of 2 methyl 1 3 butadiene... 

The electrical age was built on the discovery in the early 1830s, independently by Joseph Henry (1797-1878) in America and Michael Faraday (1791-1867) in England, of electromagnetic induction, which led directly to the invention of the dynamo to generate electricity from steam-powered rotation. It came to fruition on New Year s Eve, 1879, when Thomas Edison (1847-1931) in rural New Jersey, after systematic and exhaustive experiments, made the first successful incandescent lamp, employing a carbonised filament made from some thread taken from Mrs. Edison s sewing cabinet. The lamp burned undimmed for 40 h, watched anxiously by Edison and some of his numerous collaborators. This lamp was ideal for... 

See also Carnot, Nicolas Leonard Sadi Faraday, Michael Fourier, Jean Baptiste Joseph Helmholtz, Hermann von Joule, James Prescott Maxwell, James Clerk Rankme, William John Macquorn. 

American physicist Joseph Henry discovers the principle of electromagnetic induction. English chemist and physicist Michael Faraday independently discovered the same principle a year later hut is the first to publish his findings. 

American physicist Joseph Heniy, by reversing Faraday s discoveiy, passes an electrical... 

Michael Faraday, Martin Heinrich Klaproth, and Joseph Fraunhofer. 

Dalton s most significant work was done between 1795 and 1805, but fame came later—when the importance of his atomic theory was realized. He became a member of the Royal Society in 1822, received its first Royal Medal in 1826, and was honored with a state pension in 1833, among other honors. He died on July 27, 1844, and 40,000 people attended his funeral. see also Berzelius, Jons Jakob Faraday, Michael Lavoisier, Antoine Priestley, Joseph. 

The Principle of Relativity, Albert Einstein, Henrik A. Lorentz, Hermann Minkowski and Hermann Weyl. 2.00 Experimental Researches in Electricity, Michael Faraday. Cloth-bound. Two-volume set 22.50 Thermodynamics, Enrico Fermi. 2.00 Theory of Elasticity, M. Filonenko-Borodich. 1.75 The Analytical Theory of Heat, Joseph Fourier. 2.50 Die Differential- und Integralgleichungon der Mechanik und Physik, Philipp Frank and Richard von Mises. Clothbound. Two-volume set 15.00... 

Lavoisier, Antoine Fourier, Jean-Baptiste Joseph and Faraday, Michael (1952). Great Books of the Western World, Vol. 45, tr. Robert Kerr and Alexander Freeman. Chicago Encyclopedia Britannica. 

Henry, Joseph (1797-1878) US physicist, who became professor of natural philosophy at Princeton in 1832. In 1829 he made an "electric motor, and used insulated windings to produce a powerful "electromagnet A year later he iscovered "electromagnetic induction (independently of "Faraday), and in 1832 he discovered self-induction (seeinductance). In 1835 he invented the electric "relay. 

Units of Measurement. All electrical properties must have an associated defined standard unit to be measurable. To that end, current is measured in amperes, named after Louis Ampere. Potential difference, sometimes called electromotive force, is measured in volts, named after Volta. Resistance is measured in ohms, named after Ohm. Power is measured in watts, named after James Watt. Capacitance is measured in farads, named after Michael Faraday. Inductance is measured in henrys, named after Joseph Henry. Conductance, the reciprocal of resistance, is measured in siemens, named after Ernst W. von Siemens. Frequencies are measured in hertz, or cycles per second, named after Gerhard Hertz. 

Interestingly enough, for chemistry, one of the most thorough accounts of static electrical phenomena was that published by Joseph Priestley, The History and Present State of Electricity , London, 1767, in two volumes. It was an article in Encyclopaedia Britannica on the history of electricity by Tytler, copiously illustrated by diagrams of electrostatic machines, based in part on Priestley s volumes, that first stimulated Faraday to construct his first scientific instruments. 

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