Factors range selection

Factor range selection will start from what was learned in the screening stage, and typically narrow the ranges. Avoid... 

Many models have been proposed for adsorption and ion exchange equilibria. The most important factor in selecting a model from an engineering standpoint is to have an accurate mathematical description over the entire range of process conditions. It is usually fairly easy to obtain correcl capacities at selected points, but isotherm shape over the entire range is often a critical concern for a regenerable process. 

The magnitude of the safety factor is very important and usually ranges from 1.4 to 2.8 depending upon downhole conditions, drill pipe quality and acceptable degree of risk. It is recommended that a value of safety factor be selected to produce a margin of overpull of at least about 70,000 lb. 

Tab. 4.5 Kurfurst elemental homogeneity factors for selected RMs determined from experimental uncertainties with an INAA procedure using short-lived indicator nuclides. The sample masses ranged from 0.5 mg to 2.5 mg the number of determinations were 12 for each material...

This structure-based strategy was found to be very successful. All compounds in this series maintained excellent 5-HT1A affinity and a broad 5-HT /aj selectivity window while significantly reducing hERG binding by factors ranging from fivefold to more than 10-fold. 

Abstract The feasibility of a method of concentrate management depends on a wide range of factors. The selection is very much site specific, and for each site often only one or two concentrate management options are feasible. Of particular importance is the quality of the concentrate, the cost of the process, any potential environmental impacts and regulations surrounding the method of concentrate management. 

IR is one of three forms of vibrational spectroscopy that is in conunon use for process analytical measurements the other two being near-lR (NIR) and Raman. Each one of these techniques has its pros and cons and the ultimate selection is based on a number of factors ranging from sample type, information required, cost and ease of implementation. The sample matrix is often a key deciding factor. NIR has been the method of choice for many years within the pharmaceutical industry, and sample handling has been the issue, especially where solid products are involved. IR is not particularly easy to implement for the continuous monitoring of solid substrates. However, often there is no one correct answer, but often when the full application is taken into account the selection becomes more obvious. In some cases very obvious, such as the selection of IR for trace gas analysis - neither NIR nor Raman is appropriate for such applications. 

Finally, Inanaga s contribution to the development of chiral 4-dialkylaminopyrid-ine based catalysts for enantioselective acyl transfer relied on the use of C -symmetric 4-PPY derivative 36 (Fig. 7) [130]. This compound was obtained in an enantiopure form by selective cleavage of a carbamate intermediate using Sml, and allowed the KR of various. yec-alcohols with selectivity factors ranging from y = 2.1 to 14. 

Hawkins (19) showed that synthetic Sr mordenite gave Sr2+/Ca2+ ion exchange separation factors ranging from 8.4 to 3.5 as compared with 0.5 to 1.6 obtained with his synthetic Ca mordenite. X-ray data for the synthetic Sr mordenite agree with the Oman pattern, but no data were presented for the synthetic Ca mordenite. Perhaps the Sr mordenite and Ca mordenite samples differed in their framework structures, and this was the reason for their different ion exchange selectivity. 

Later, the chiral bicyclic phosphine catalyst 5a was also used for kinetic resolution of allylic alcohols with isobutyric anhydride [8, 9]. The best results were obtained for trisubstituted allylic alcohols - selectivity factors ranged from 32 to 82 at -40 °C. 

Table 7-14. Ranges of soil-to-plant transfer factors for selected radionuclides (source IUR, 1989).

Capillary Tubing (Table 3.12). This tubing is selected on the basis of its inside diameter (I.D.), also called its bore. Capillary tubing is sold in a continuous (and sometimes overlapping) range of bore sizes. The O.D. is seldom the deciding factor in selection. 

Methane—Deuteromethanes— CH4. A good deal of data on the chromatographic isotope effects of methane is now available. All to date has been obtained by gas-solid adsorption chromatography and most of this on the CH4-CD4 system but these results are available on a variety of columns and over a broad temperature range. In addition, separation factors at selected temperatures have been measured for a number of the intermediate isomers, both deuterated and tritiated, and for CH4. 

In HIC, molecules are bound with a high concentration of salt, usually ammonium or sodium sulfate 1M-2M) in a buffer (0.02M-0.05M). Elution is attained by a gradient to a lower concentration of salt in the buffer. The pH is controlled and is usually in the range of 6-8, but it is not a critical factor in selectivity. 

The wide range of separation factors, Ku/K h for the extraction of U(VI) and Th(IV) from 2.00 M HNO3 into eleven selected neutral phosphorus-based extractants shown in Table I, demonstrates the potential for designing extractant systems for specific metal separations. The separation factors range from 0.71 for B[DBP] to 162 for D(4-MPe-2) [iBP] a R j/K h ratio of 228. 

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