Facial defect

Pleet, H., Grahan, J.M., Smith, D.W. (1981). Central nervous system and facial defects associated with maternal hypertheimia at four to 14 weeks gestation. Pediatrics 67,785-789. 

Temperature changes. Another common gestational problem is high maternal body temperature that translates into high fetal temperature. Fetal hyperthermia can result in severe consequences anencephaly, spina bifida, mental retardation, facial defects, cardiac abnormalities, and limb defects—all classical clinical abnormalities.23... 

Freeman M. J., McCuUum D.E., and Bajpai RK. 1981. Use of ALCAP ceramics for rebuilding maxiUo-facial defects. Trans. Soc. Biomater. 4 109. 

Polyvinyl chloride. In surgical tubing, blood collection and administration sets, repair of congenital and traumatic facial defects, surgical drapes, balloon-type splints, adhesive bandages. 

Some cancer surgery may cause facial defects integrated with an intraoral maxillary defect. Such defects are named midfacial defects, which occur in the horizontal plane of the middle third of the face and include two main categories midline and lateral. Midline defects refer to the complete or partial involvement of the nose, and/or upper lip, along with intraoral maxillary defects [7,8]. A lateral defect may include complete or partial contents of the cheek and or orbit, and may embrace an intraoral defect of the maxilla [9, 10]. Midfacial defects usually require a facial prosthesis to restore function and appearance, and also, an intraoral prosthesis such as an obturator to restore speech... 

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