Fabrication lead zirconate

Barrow, D. A. Petroff, T. E. Tandon, R. P Sayer, M. 1997. Characterization of thick lead zirconate titanate films fabricated using a new sol gel based process. I. Appl. Phys. 81 876-881. 

There are two principal types of materials that can function as piezoelectrics the ceramics and polymers. The piezoelectric materials most widely used are the piezoceramics based upon the lead zirconate titanate, FZT. The advantages of these piczoccramics arc that they have a high piezoelectric activity and they can be fabricated in many different shapes. 

Pressure sintering techniques have also been used to fabricate transparent lanthanum-doped lead zirconate titanate (PLZT) ceramics in air and in oxygen-gas atmosphere [31]. The microstructure of the sintered body was not uniform it was completely dense near the surface, but it was porous at the center. The thickness of the dense layer increased with sintering time and oxygen-gas pressure in the sintering atmosphere. Vaporization of PbO from the specimen surface and resultant formation of lattice vacancies were attributed to this microstructural evolution. Diffusion of the gas trapped in the pores was also important in determining the thickness of the dense layer. When the PLZT specimen was sintered in air at 1200 °C for 8 h, the thickness of the dense layer was 0.25 mm. Therefore, if the specimen thickness was 0.5 mm, the whole specimen was dense and transparent. When the specimen was sintered in an oxygen-gas atmosphere under the same conditions, the specimen thickness increased markedly. 

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Nakai N., Kozuka H. PVP-assisted sol-gel preparation of BaBi4Ti40is thin films and dielectric properties. Trans. Mater. Res. Soc. Jpn 2004, in press Ohya Y., Itoda S., Ban T, Takahashi Y. Lead zirconate titanate thick films fabricated from sols with and without its powder. Jpn J. Appl. Phys. Pt. 1 2002 41 270-274 Parrill T.M. Heat-treatment of spun-on acid-catalyzed sol-gel silica films. J. Mater. Res. 1994 9 723-730... 

Abe Y, Kakegawa K (2002) Fabrication of optically transparent lead lanthanum zirconate titanate ((Pb, La)(Zr, Ti)03) ceramics by a three-stage-atmospheie-sintering technique. J Am Ceram Soc 85 473-475... 

Kong LB, Ma J, Zhang RF, Zhang TS (2002) Fabrication and characterization of lead lanthanum zirconate titanate (PLZT7/60/40) ceramics from oxides. J Alloy Compd 339 167-174... 

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