Eyraud

Fia. 6. The Petit-Eyraud calorimeter calorimeter cells (A) cylinders made of insulating material (B) metal block (C) and plate of alumina supporting the thermoelectric pile (D). Reprinted from 3/f) with permission of Gauthier-Villars. 

The Petit-Eyraud apparatus is a differential calorimeter but it is not a twin calorimeter. The reference cell serves also as a heat sink of limited heat capacity, since it collects, at least transiently, the heat flowing along... 

Fig. 7. The Eyraud calorimeter the thermoelectric pile (1) the heat sink (2) horizontal section of the calorimeter (3) plate of alumina (A) calorimeter cells (B) and platinum cylinders (C). Reprinted from (37) with permission.

Proc. 12th Conf. on Vac. Microbal. Tcchn., Lyon 1974, Eyraud, C., Escoubes, M. (ed.). Heyden, London, 1975, p. 103... 

PES, see X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy Petit-Eyraud microcalorimeter, 22 203-205 Petrochemicals oxidation of, 2S-.21d Petroleum products... 

St fani, R., M. Chevreton, J. Terrier and C. Eyraud Proprieties m6-chaniques et structure des polymferes d acrylonitrile. Compt. rend. 248, 2006 -2008 (1959). 

Permporometry. Permporometry is based on the well known phenomenon of capillary condensation of liquids in mesopores. It is a collection of techniques that characterize the interconnecting active pores of a mesoporous membrane as-is and nondestiuctively using a gas and a liquid or using two liquids. The former is called gas-liquid permporometry [Eyraud, 1986 Cuperus et al., 1992b] and the latter liquid-liquid permporometry [Capanneli et al., 1983 Munari et al., 1989]. The "active" pores are those pores that actually determine the membrane performance. 

Thermoporometry. Thermoporometry is the calorimetric study of the liquid-solid transformation of a capillary condensate that saturates a porous material such as a membrane. The basic principle involved is the freezing (or melting) point depression as a result of the strong curvature of the liquid-solid interface present in small pores. The thermodynamic basis of this phenomenon has been described by Brun et al. [1973] who introduced thermoporometry as a new pore structure analysis technique. It is capable of characterizing the pore size and shape. Unlike many other methods, this technique gives the actual size of the cavities instead of the size of the openings [Eyraud. 1984]. 

Figure 4.13 Comparison of pore size distribution data by pcrmporometry, thermoporomctry and mercury porosimetry [Eyraud, 1984]...

Eyraud, C., 1984, Thermoporometry, presented at European Soc. Membr. Sci. Tech.-Summer School (Cadar he, France). 

Eyraud, C., 1986, Applications of gas-liquid permporometry to characterization of inorganic ultrafiliers, in Proc. Europc-Japan Congr. Membr. Membr. Processes, Stresa, Italy (1984), p. 629. 

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