Extrudate thickening

Starches are added to processed meats—lunch meats, hot dogs, sausages, etc.—as fillers, binders, moisture retainers, and fat substitutes. They are added to soups, sauces, and gravies as thickeners. They are used in extruded cereals and snacks to hold the shape of the material. 

Method (1) is relatively inflexible and more costly. Plant-mixed and extruded slurries have to be thin and often somewhat more sensitive than desired. Otherwise they are not easily pumped thru the hose and into the borehole. Furthermore, they require relatively high water content. The more sensitive, incompletely thickened slurry has to be transported over public highways, a practice previously forbidden as far as bulk explosives were concerned. Additional thickeners are added during actual loading into the borehole in order to permit easy loading but still give the required viscosity to prevent segregation and loss into the formation once the slurry is in place in the borehole... 

Wheat starch has been formulated in a variety of snack foods, whether they are extruded, expanded, microwaved or in the form of a stick or half products.570-574 In the case of yogurt or custard-type milk desserts, modified wheat starches were used for their thickening or gelling properties.575,576... 

Elastosis perforans serpiginosa starts as red umbUicated papules that coalesce to form annular (serpiginous or arcuate) lesions with clear centres. There are microscopically thickened coarse elastic fibers, extruding through narrow epidermal channels. 

The flow pattern of the powder mixture through the extruder influences the quality of the shaped article. The rheology of concentrated ceramic suspensions can be divided into four classes ideal plastic, Bingham, shear thinning, and shear thickening (dilant). 

Thermotropic LCPs have high melt elasticity, but exhibit little extrudate swell. The latter has been attributed to a yield stress and to long relaxation times (60). The relaxation times for LCPs are normally much longer than for conventional polymers. Anomalous behavior such as negative first normal stress differences, shear-thickening behavior and time-dependent effects have also been observed in the. rheology of LCPs (56). Several of these phenomena are discussed for poly(benzylglutamate) solutions in the chapter by Moldenaers et al. 

Uses Thickener, stabilizer, suspending agent in pharmaceutical tablet coatings, controlled-release pr s., encapsulation, tablet binding Features Highly surf, active low surf, and interfacial tensions thermoplastic extrudable heat-sealable in films and coatings inert Regulatory DMF listed... 

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