Extractive metallurgy refining

Malmstrom, R., Tuominen, T., Advan. Extract. Metallurgy Refining,... 

The preparation, reduction, and refining operations are very much interdependent, and for a given metal must be considered as parts of a single flow sheet. To illustrate the principles of extractive metallurgy, however, it is convenient to discuss the various operations separately. 

B. R. Steele and D. Geldait, "Extraction and Refining of the Raiei Metals," Proceedings of the Symposium on the Institute ofMiningand Metallurgy,... 

V. H. Aprahamian and D. G. Demopoulos, The Solution Chemistry and Solvent Extraction Behaviour of copper, iron, nickel, zinc, lead, tin, Ag, arsenic, antimony, bismuth, selenium and tellurium in Acid Chloride Solutions Reviewed from the Standpoint of PGM Refining, Mineral Processing and Extractive Metallurgy Review, Vol. 14, p. 143,1995. 

Bryant, P. S., in Extraction and Refining of the Rarer Metals, The Institute of Mining and Metallurgy, London, 1957, 310. 

Steinveit, G., in Advances in Extractive Metallurgy and Refining, Jones, M. J., Ed., Institution of Mining Metallurgy, London, 1972, 521. 

Hie First World War resulted in American economic dominance in extracting metallurgy and refining also provided pyrcmetallurgy with a dominant market position over the competing hydnanetallurgical techniques. This was primarily due to America s abundant sources of cheap fossil fuels. 

The principal areas of science and engineering dealing with metals and alloys are chemical metallurgy and physical metallurgy. Subjects of chemical metallurgy are the extraction and refining of metals, liquid metal treatments, corrosion protection, and surface treatment of metals. The study of metals and alloys with respect to their crystal structures, constitution, microstructure, and properties (especially, mechanical) is the subject of physical metallurgy. ... 

Chemical or extractive metallurgy is concerned with the extraction of metals from ores and with the refining of metals. Physical metallurgy is concerned with the physical and mechanical properties of metals as affected by composition, mechanical working, and heat treatment. 

Sayce, I. G. Plasma processes in extractive metallurgy, in Proc. Symp. Adv. in Extractive Metallurgy and Refining, London, oct. 4-6, 1971... 

The reactions of metals to form stable halides are important for various reasons. The metal halides generally have low boiling points and high volatiUty. For this reason, they are used in several important processes for the production and refining of metals, such as the reactive metals titanium and zirconium. These metals are produced using the Kroll process, in which the metal oxide is converted to metal chloride or fluoride, which is then reduced to metal. This route avoids several formidable difficulties involved in the reduction of the oxides of these metals. Details of these processes can be found in extractive-metallurgy textbooks. 

This reversion of metal back to the state whence it came during the corrosion process can be considered extractive metallurgy in reverse. However, the energy expended during the metal-refining process is lost during corrosion. This... 

K.R. Barrett and R.P. Knight, Lead Bullion Refining and Precious Metal Recovery , Extraction Metallurgy 85. IMM, London, England, 1985, 683-708. 

ASARCO Inc., and Phelps Dodge Corporation. He is currently Principal Advisor at Rio Tinto Kennecott Utah Copper. Dr. Wang has been active in extractive metallurgy and has experience in metallurgical process development and existing operation optimization as well as troubleshooting. He is copper and precious metals refining subject matter expert. 

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