Extraction-time profile curves

Fig. 4.29. Extraction-time profile curves (signal height versus absorption time) for organochlorine pesticides in aqueous solutions. Conditions spiking level 0.2-1.2 ng/ml polydimethylsiloxane fibre length 100 pm magnetic stirring rate 250 rpm. Although equilibrium was not reached for some analytes, the extraction time was chosen to be 15 min. ( ) a-hexachlorocyclohexane, ( ) /3-hexa-chlorocyclohexane, (A) dieldrin, (x) aldrin, (O) 4,4 -DDT, ( ) 4,4 -DDE, ( + ) 4,4 -DDD and ( ) endosulfan sulphate. (Reproduced with permission of Elsevier.)...

Phagocytosis rate increase. Polysaccharide fraction of the fruit, administered to adults at a concentration of 10 pg/mL, was active on polymorphonuclear leukocytes k Pharmacokinetics. Hexane extract of the fruit, administered rectally to 12 healthy male adults at a dose of 640 mg, produced bioavailability similar to that observed for the oral formulations. Extract, administered orally to healthy males at a dose of 320 mg (1 X 320 mg capsule, new formulation or 2 X 160 mg, reference preparation) for 1 month, produced a rapid absorption with a peak time (T J of 1.5-1.58 hour and peak plasma level (C J of 2.54-2.67 pg/mL. The area under the curve value ranged from 7.99 to 8.42 pg/hour/mL. The plasma concentration-time profile of both preparation was nearly identical. Both preparations can be considered as bioequivalenp Hexane ex-... 

Figure 5.25. (A) Quantitative Cu map of an Al-4wt% Cu film at 230 kX, 128 x 128 pixels, probe size 2.7nm, probe current 1.9 nA, dwell time 120 msec per pixel, frame time 0.75 hr. Composition range is shown on the intensity scale (Reproduced with permission by Carpenter et al. 1999). (B) Line profile extracted from the edge-on boundary marked in Figure 5.25a, averaged over 20 pixels ( 55 nm) parallel to the boundary, showing an analytical resolution of 8nm FWTM. Error bars represent 95% confidence, and solid curve is a Gaussian distribution fitted to the data (Reproduced with permission by Carpenter...

Rectal bioavailability and pharmacokinetics. Serenoa repens extract, administered rectally to 12 healthy male volunteers at a dose of 640 mg/person, produced the mean maximum concentration in plasma of nearly 2.60 (Xg/mL approx 3 hours after administration, with mean value for the area under the curve AUC 10 (Xg/hour/mL. The bioavailability and pharmacokinetic profile were similar to those observed after oral administration. T j occurred approx 1 hour later, and plasma concentration 8 hours after drug administration was still quantified. The drug tolerability was good, and no adverse effect was observed ". Serenoa repens capsules, administered orally at a dose of 160 mg four times daily or rectally 640 mg daily for 30 days to 60 patients with BPH, produced no significant differences in diminu-... 

Meaningful chromatographic data can be extracted from asymmetric peaks by digital integration or curve fitting routines applied to the chromatographic peak profile. The statistical moments of a chromatographic peak in units of time are defined by Eq. (1.37) to (1.39) [153,184,187,188]... 

In multicrystal diffraction, the diffraction of many small crystals in the three-dimensional space are compressed into one-dimensional, and lose the independence of all diffraction hkl, where the overlapping of the symmetry or the unsynunetry of diffraction peak obscures the profile of distribution curve of hkl diffraction intensity. So the abundant structural information contained in the powder diffraction pattern cannot be extracted, so for a long time the powder diffraction could only be used as the identification of phases. 

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