Extraction process environmental model

Assuming that one of the models is correct, the design calculations can be continued to obtain the process economic analysis. At the same time, the environmental impact can also be investigated. As our selected solvent is an ester, it s MSDS shows low human effect, which may only act as an irritant to skin, eye and respiratory, and do not have any other environmental effect. So, it can be concluded that solvent is suitable for separation of EB from PX by extractive distillation. 

A similar concept was used for other environmental applications, for example, phenoxy acids, sulfonureas, phenolic compounds, and other environmentally important persistent pollutants [68, 76, 141, 143, 155-166]. Also, in the same manner, several drugs were enriched and determined in body fluids such as urine [144-146, 167-172] or blood [147, 156, 157, 173, 174]. A very advanced apphcation of SLM for analytical purposes, where transport process was based on simple diffusion with pH adjustment of aqueous phase, is the extraction of the basic drug, bambuterol, for pretreatment of plasma samples before analysis with capfflary zone electrophoresis (CZE) [147]. Bambuterol was used as a model substance in a separation system, where either 6-undecanone or a mixture of di- -hexyl ether (DHE) and tri- -octylphosphine oxide (TOPO) was used as membrane phase. It was possible not only to achieve a very low hmit of detection ( 50 nmol/1) but also to ensure the removal of salts from the sample. It helped to obtain the low ionic strength of the blood plasma samples and permitted subsequent sample stacking in the caphlary electrophoresis step. 

In the last few years, in order to reduce the cost and time of environmental monitoring there is a trend to automate the SPE process." Now commercial workstations and extraction plates allowing numerous samples (up to 96) to be prepared simultaneously are available (Figure 2.9). Approaches to computer-aided method development are replacing tedious trial-and-error procedures with fast simulations based on suitable kinetic and retention models. 

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