Extension of the results to arbitrary systems

Chapman-Jouguet point. In accordance with our earlier discussion, these numbers are typical of experimentally observed detonations but unrealistic for deflagrations. 

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The limitation of the use of parameter %ab is due to the fact that it has been introduced based on the theory of solutions, and its application to polymer mixtures, especially in the solid state, has not been theoretically proven so far. The extension of the concept of interaction parameter to such a system is to a certain extent very formal and contains many arbitrary assumptions. This consideration should be born in mind when experimentally determining this value and interpreting the results. The AG ix and%AB values can be found using various experimental techniques reviewed elsewhere, and can be used for calculations of the binodal and spinodal regions from the concentration and temperature dependence of one of the values. 

The literature of diene and polyene photochemistry provides many cases of synthetically useful reactions. As a result, certain arbitrary decisions have been made regarding what is covered in this chapter. For example, intramolecular [2 + 2]-photocycloaddition reactions of a, >-dienes can be formally included under the general rubric of diene photochemistry. However, we have chosen to restrict our discussion to dienes and polyenes which constitute a self-contained chromophore, viz. conjugated, cross-conjugated and 1,4-diene systems. Likewise, arene-olefin photocycloadditions will not be considered. These two broad classes of photoreactions have been applied extensively in synthesis, and have been the subject of recent reviews3,4. 

Equations (7)-(9) are well suited for numerical evaluation with arbitrary functions defining the spatial and temporal distributions of the laser pulse. In addition, the system (7)-(9) is rather convenient for analytical treatment. In particular, one can develop further perturbative expansion of (7)-(8) in terms of the fine structure constant a. In the leading order, this yields nonrelativistic formulas which agree with those formerly derived by us in [19]. For unchirped laser signals (i.e., t) = 0) these reduce further to the result of [31] by expanding all quantities in powers of the laser intensity I(r,t). Extensive numerical tests carried out by us for various forms of the chirp pulse en-... 

By analogy with a D-face, new excess quantities have to be introduced for all extensive thermodynamic quantities with respect to the TL. Details are not given here. For brevity, only a result of consideration of the Helmholtz free energy for a three-phase system in thermodynamic equilibrium under the influence of gravity is mentioned. It leads to a condition for the mechanical equilibrium at the TL on a solid with an arbitrary surface profile (roughness) ... 

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