Extended viewing angle

In display technology flat-panel-displays are today in production. Advanced products such as large screen plasma displays and miniature thin-film-transistor-liquid-crystal display (LCDs) are commercially available. Recently the quality and reliablility have improved considerably. So, for instance, the conical viewing angle of liquid crystal displays has been extended to nearly 160° with in-plane-switching active-matrix LCDs. 

There has been a sharp debate for many years on the best description of the real macroconformation. Much experimental research has been carried out on pure polymers using different techniques (225) [small angle and intermediate angle neutron scattering (226), electron microscopy, IR, etc.]. Yoon and Flory (40, 228-231) and Gawrisch et al. (232) held the view that the probability of adjacent reentry in polymeric lamella is rather low (<50%) and does not justify the validity of such a model. The trajectory of the chain extends across numerous lamellae and its macroconformation is not far from that of the random coil. In the view of Keller and co-workers (224, 233-236) the adjacent reentry, although not complete (3 1 with respect to other possibilities) largely prevails. 

Figure 1.10 Definitions of the torsional angles fa ip, and w. These are all equal to 180° for a fully extended polypeptide chain (top left). to, defines rotation about the C,—Nl+1 bond. The normal tram planar peptide bond has = i/r = 180°, bottom) left, fa viewed along N —C bond (N >C) right, fa viewed along the C —C(C , — C j).

Fig. 13. Illustrations of the possible arrangement of C-protein (MyBP-C) on the myosin filament backbone in projection down the axis (A) and in axial view (B). Of particular importance here is the possibility that the N-terminal half of C-protein extends out and binds to actin in relaxed muscle. (C) Simulation of the possible interactions of C-protein with binding sites on actin generated using the program MusLABEL (Squire and Knupp, 2004). (D) Left left half of the low-angle X-ray diffraction pattern from bony fish muscle (as in Fig. 11C), showing (right) the possible positions where the C-protein array in (D) might contribute. (From Squire elal, 2003d.)...

Since the observer views radiation from all parts of the extended area A, but at different angles a, Lambert s cosine law, which states that the intensity in a given direction will change in proportion to the cosine of the angle from the normal, has to be taken into account.) Equ. (10.45a) is equivalent to... 

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