Extended nanospace

Tsukahara T, Kuwahata T, Hibara A, Kim HB, Mawatari K, Kitamori T (2009) Electrochemical studies on liquid properties in extended nanospaces using mercury microelectrodes. Electrophoresis 30 3212-3218... 

L. Li, Y. Kazoe, K. Mawatari, Y. Sugii, T. Kitamori, Viscosity and wetting property of water confined in extended nanospace simultaneously measured from highly-pressurized meniscus motion. J. Phys. Chem. Lett. 3(17), 2447-2452 (2012)... 

In addition to shape selectivity, which is primarily a steric directing effect, orbital confinement,5 a quantum6 electronic7 effect, can also dramatically influence reactivity in nanospace.8 10 This concept, first introduced by Corma and coworkers,8 points out that when molecular orbitals are confined and not allowed to extend over all space that their energies increase. The HOMO is more sensitive than the LUMO to size restrictions resulting in a decrease of the frontier molecular orbital band gap. This effect can be experimentally demonstrated in systems where the size of the... 

Although it does not exhaust the entire range of porous materials, the list attempts to cover those that can be described in terms of extended porous structures and whose electrochemistry has been extensively studied. In addition, since 1990 there has been a growing interest in the preparation of nanostructures of metal and metal oxides with controlled interior nanospace, whereas a variety of nanoscopic poro-gens such as dendrimers, cross-linked and core-corona nanoparticles, hybrid copolymers, and cage supramolecules are currently under intensive research (Zhao, 2006). Several of such nanostructured systems will be treated along the text, although, for reasons of extension, the study in extenso of their electrochemistry should be treated elsewhere. 

The surface chemistry of acid-base interactions in the nanospaces of solids comparable in size to the n-oleculariimensions of the reactants themselves is a new and fascinating subject. It has been approached from various angles attempts were made to extend the concepts of classical chemistry, but new rules had to be developed. The consequence is that there is still no consensus regarding the significance of experimental results and their relationship to the theoretical notions. 

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