Extended dependence

Ti-C In this system one intermediate phase is formed with a homogeneity range extending, depending on temperature, between 32 and 50 at.% C, in short named TiC (or, better, TiC x) and having a NaCl-type structure. 

The demands on analytical chemistry differ to some extend depending on whether they come from purely scientific sources or arise in the field of testing. In the latter case the customer defines the demand. Fitness for purpose determines the quality of the reference material. The gathered demands (see Fig. 6) have partly overlapping meanings and are not independent of each other. Other reference materials have to meet all demands. 

Analytical chemistry is a scientific discipline as well as a testing field. The demands on analytical chemistry differ to some extend depending on whether they... 

The two main groups used as chain extenders are diamines and hydroxyl compounds. Triols are also used where some cross-linking is required. The choice of chain extender depends on the properties required and the process conditions. Diols are the most commonly used hydroxyl compound. In the normal course of events, diols provide good properties and processing speed with MDI-based prepolymers and diamines with TDI-terminated prepolymers. 

This list gives a first orientation. It might have to be adjusted and extended depending upon the specific properties of an assay and the specific purpose for which it is intended. 

Additional questions may be phrased to assess the sources of iodine if certain sources provide only noniodized salt. The assessment could easily be extended to also assess the knowledge of issues other than that mentioned above, as well as aspects of attitude and behavior. Assessing the knowledge of other groups, such as politicians, ministerial staff program managers, or wholesalers and retailers may utilize combinations of the above and may be extended depending on the local situation. 

Abrasion. The abrasion of extenders depends on their hardness and particle size. A high degree of abrasion is undesirable because it causes wear in machinery and contamination of the blended material with abrasion products. Contamination produces surface defects in the film. Einlehner s method is often used to investigate the influence of the extender on abrasion in machinery. An aqueous slurry of the extender is stirred for 1 h in a special apparatus. A metal sieve is placed in this slurry throughout this period and the weight loss of the sieve is then measured and converted to a specific surface area. 

In general, both of these termination reactions contribute, but to different extends depending upon the monomer and the polymerization conditions. For example, in polymerization of styrene (CH2=CHPh) the chain radicals terminate principally by combination, whereas for methyl methacrylate (CH2=CMeC02Me), the chain radicals terminate predominantly by disproportionation at temperatures above 60 °C. 

Figure 7 Surface load of casemate on droplets in emulsions containing 20% soya oil and different amormts of caseinate. Solid line and left-hand axis surface load of caseinate dotted line and right-hand axis thickness of adsorbed layer of casein as measured hy photon-correlation spectroscopy, showing the tendency for the layer to be thin or extended depending on the amormt of protein adsorbed.

The area of base metal over which cathodic protection extends depends on the conductivity of the environment. For zinc coatings on steel in waters of low conductivity, such as distilled or soft waters, a coating defect about 3 mm (1/8 in.) wide may begin to show rust at the center. However, in seawater, which is a good conductor, zinc protects steel several decimeters or feet removed from the zinc. This difference in behavior results from adequate current densities for cathodic protection extending over a considerable distance in waters of high conductivity, whereas cathodic current densities in waters of low conductivity fall off rapidly with distance from the anode. 

Most of the material damage from an airburst (nuclear weapon) is caused mainly by the shock (or blast) wave which accompanies the explosion. The majority of structures will suffer some damage from air blast when the overpressure in the blast wave, i.e. the excess over atmospheric pressure (101.3 kN/m at sea level), is about 3.5 kN/m or more. The distance to which this overpressure level will extend depends on the yield of the explosion and on the height of the burst. 

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