Exploratory power

The exploratory power of the reaction was recognized well before the advent of combinatorial chemistry [46]. Ugi also foresaw initial applications to drug discovery, showing that the widely used local anesthetic Xylocain 43 was accessible in one pot (Scheme 11.8). In this particular variant the water generated in situ after Schiff-base formation traps the intermediate nitrilium ion to give the a-amino carboxamide product. 

It is worth mentioning that the ever-growing interest in the development of novel multicomponent procedures was and is closely related to the needs of combinatorial chemistry (Refs [4, 7-9] and Chapter 16 in this book). Combinatorial compound libraries still play an important role in drug discovery and are commonly composed of 10 to 10 of closely related compounds. Their high exploratory power and simple experimental set-up make MCRs convenient tools for easy and rapid access to such large libraries of organic compounds. 

For the electrolyses, a cell and a DC power supply are needed. For a thorough coverage, see again Chapter 2. For most conversions, especially the exploratory ones, the author has used a double-walled beaker-type cell (Fig. 1). 

Whitehurst, D. D., Mitchell, T. O., Farcasiu, M., and Dickert, J. J., Jr., Exploratory Studies in Catalytic Coal Liquefaction, Report on EPRI Project 779-18, Electr. Power Res. Inst., Palo Alto, CA, 1979. 

New understanding of nature s processes have made much exploratory surgery unnecessary with the advent of magnetic resonance imagers (MRK). Another application tif this research is liquefied gases. Liquid oxygen is used to supply hreulhing gas in hospitals, and helps fuel the powerful rockets that have made human exploration of space possible. 

In 1981 Bruns and Bansal [94] used a Lennard-Jones (LJ) model of polymer and solvent and analyzed the structural properties of the chain. In contrast to previous reports [92,93], a significant solvent effect was observed by Bruns and Bansal [94], The study of solvent effect on the static properties of polymer was succeeded by Khalatur et al. [95] on the static properties of a 16-bead polymer chain in a solvent. All potentials used were of LJ type. There are many other reports in the literature to understand the equilibrium size and shape of polymer as a function of solvent quality [96,97,98], Most of these studies are exploratory rather than quantitative, probably due to the computational expense, since the large relaxation times of the polymer chains as well as the large system sizes imply powerful computer resources. However, with the availability of high-performance computers, the problem has been addressed in earnest [99],... 

In the remainder of this article specific examples of thin film synthesis using PLD are described. These examples are chosen to illustrate the unique characteristics of PLD that make it a powerful technique for the preparation of complex multicomponent solids and for exploratory synthesis of new materials. 

---