Exploiting equipment interactions

II. Exploiting Equipment Interactions The designer needs to consider total system interactions before finalizing scope for any equipment. Consider a revamp project with the main objective of increasing the duty of a column s feed pre-heater it will require assessment of the condenser s maximum capacity and top rectifying tray section. Simulation of the whole process is needed to understand system interactions. Lee et al. (2007) and Zhu (2014) described ethylene plant retrofit cases to emphasize the importance of system interactions in revamps. 

During feasibility assessment, improvement options will be evaluated in greater detail with more accurate estimates of costs and benefits based on rigorous process and equipment simulations. The traditional approach for feasibility assessment is to investigate modification options without extensively exploiting interactions between modifications, process conditions, process redesign, heat integration, and equipment... 

In revamps, we could do the same by exploiting these parameters and interactions to reduce the capital investment required for new equipment and retrofitting existing equipment. The following are some of the examples ... 

Avoid replacing key equipment and installation of new expensive equipment by exploiting interactions of process conditions, process, and equipment designs. 

Apart from planning joint plans, it is crucial to equip robots with capabilities to perform local task replanning quickly and safely, as various faults may arise in the course of action. Exploiting, however, the complex capabilities of sophisticated interaction control schemes also on a decisional level was treated only marginally so far. Figure 11 depicts our approach to the problem of... 

Long-term water-detergent (surfactant) interactions in systems where the water leak into the oil was stopped (or limited water presence occurred due to humidity condensation, which subsides when the oil becomes hot during the equipment exploitation) result in the formation of inverse micelles. It was also shown that the electrochemical electron-transfer reactions (either as direct redox charge transfer or through adsorption-mediated processes) for separated detergent and water are several orders of magnitude faster than the... 

A recent sensor exploits a modification in the dielectric constants of the biochemical layer and the aqueous film resulting from the association of the receptor with its ligand. This interaction can be observed with a planar capacitive transducer [93] equipped with a silicon substrate covered with an Si02 layer 1 i.m thick. The protein Ca2+Mg2+ ATPase can be immobilized on this layer to detect the snake... 

---